Luuk Loeff
@lloeff.bsky.social
Assistant Prof. at Leiden University Medical Center
Host-Defence | Structural biology | Single-molecule Biophysics
http://www.loefflab.com
Host-Defence | Structural biology | Single-molecule Biophysics
http://www.loefflab.com
Pinned
Luuk Loeff
@lloeff.bsky.social
· Dec 31
What a great way to end the year! ✨
Today in @cellpress.bsky.social we report the structure and function of the Shedu anti-phage defense system.
tinyurl.com/4crj6dnx
A long 🧵...
Today in @cellpress.bsky.social we report the structure and function of the Shedu anti-phage defense system.
tinyurl.com/4crj6dnx
A long 🧵...
Cool work by the @soreklab.bsky.social laboratory. Metis detects host-genome degradation by sensing the accumulation of methylated deoxy-adenosines. Subsequently, triggering its immune response. Very elegant mechanism! Congrats to all involved!
Bacteria can sense when a virus starts shredding their genome — by detecting methylated mononucleotides.
Here’s the story of how we discovered the Metis defense system 👇
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Here’s the story of how we discovered the Metis defense system 👇
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
November 6, 2025 at 8:18 AM
Cool work by the @soreklab.bsky.social laboratory. Metis detects host-genome degradation by sensing the accumulation of methylated deoxy-adenosines. Subsequently, triggering its immune response. Very elegant mechanism! Congrats to all involved!
Huge news for the Dutch structural biology community! NWO is investing €33 million to modernize the national cryo-EM infrastructure (EMPower). Exciting times ahead!
www.nwo.nl/en/news/nati...
www.nwo.nl/en/news/nati...
National Roadmap: NWO invests 197 million euro in eleven Large-Scale Research Infrastructures | NWO
Eleven consortia from various scientific disciplines are set to launch projects of great value to science. But also to the economic and social prosperity of the Netherlands. For example, a consortium led by TU Delft will start work on a detailed virtual model of the Dutch energy system. In another project, a consortium of UMC Utrecht is developing an MRI scanner that can scan people in motion.
www.nwo.nl
November 4, 2025 at 10:45 AM
Huge news for the Dutch structural biology community! NWO is investing €33 million to modernize the national cryo-EM infrastructure (EMPower). Exciting times ahead!
www.nwo.nl/en/news/nati...
www.nwo.nl/en/news/nati...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Last year it was discovered that a single bacterial NLR-like protein can recognize multiple, structurally unrelated phage proteins (Béchon et al, Kibby et al)
Now, a new study shows the same for a plant NLR. Another example how principles of immunity remain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes
Now, a new study shows the same for a plant NLR. Another example how principles of immunity remain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes
A wheat NLR conferring broad-spectrum resistance against powdery mildew by recognizing two structurally diverse AVR effectors. Interested? Check out our newest preprint: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Dual recognition of structurally unrelated mildew effectors underlies the broad-spectrum resistance of Pm3e in wheat
Broad-spectrum resistance genes are highly valuable for sustainable crop protection, yet the molecular basis of their activity is often unknown. The Pm3 allelic series in wheat encodes NLR receptors t...
www.biorxiv.org
November 2, 2025 at 6:34 PM
Last year it was discovered that a single bacterial NLR-like protein can recognize multiple, structurally unrelated phage proteins (Béchon et al, Kibby et al)
Now, a new study shows the same for a plant NLR. Another example how principles of immunity remain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes
Now, a new study shows the same for a plant NLR. Another example how principles of immunity remain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
On that note: hello world! My new lab on genetics of proteome remodeling is starting at the incredible MPI-CBG. We have big plans and open positions for PhD students and an RA. Apply now (!) at imprs.mpi-cbg.de and tinyurl.com/2vywj6f6 respectively.
October 21, 2025 at 9:53 PM
On that note: hello world! My new lab on genetics of proteome remodeling is starting at the incredible MPI-CBG. We have big plans and open positions for PhD students and an RA. Apply now (!) at imprs.mpi-cbg.de and tinyurl.com/2vywj6f6 respectively.
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Glad to share our paper out today @NatureEcoEvo: “Serial innovations by Asgard archaea shaped the DNA replication machinery of the early eukaryotic ancestor”. www.nature.com/articles/s41... #microsky #archaeasky
Serial innovations by Asgard archaea shaped the DNA replication machinery of the early eukaryotic ancestor - Nature Ecology & Evolution
Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses show a diversity of components of the DNA replication machinery in different Asgard archaea that contributed to the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery.
www.nature.com
October 21, 2025 at 3:06 PM
Glad to share our paper out today @NatureEcoEvo: “Serial innovations by Asgard archaea shaped the DNA replication machinery of the early eukaryotic ancestor”. www.nature.com/articles/s41... #microsky #archaeasky
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
1/10 Genome maintenance by telomerase is a fundamental process in nearly all eukaryotes. But where does it come from?
Today, we report the discovery of telomerase homologs in a family of antiviral RTs, revealing an unexpected evolutionary origin in bacteria.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Today, we report the discovery of telomerase homologs in a family of antiviral RTs, revealing an unexpected evolutionary origin in bacteria.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Antiviral reverse transcriptases reveal the evolutionary origin of telomerase
Defense-associated reverse transcriptases (DRTs) employ diverse and distinctive mechanisms of cDNA synthesis to protect bacteria against viral infection. However, much of DRT family diversity remains ...
www.biorxiv.org
October 17, 2025 at 5:22 PM
1/10 Genome maintenance by telomerase is a fundamental process in nearly all eukaryotes. But where does it come from?
Today, we report the discovery of telomerase homologs in a family of antiviral RTs, revealing an unexpected evolutionary origin in bacteria.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Today, we report the discovery of telomerase homologs in a family of antiviral RTs, revealing an unexpected evolutionary origin in bacteria.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
One week left to apply!!
Hiring! 🧬🔬
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
PhD-positie Bacteriële Verdedigingssystemen tegen Virussen | LUMC
Wij zoeken een getalenteerde en gemotiveerde PhD-kandidaat om het onderzoeksteam van Luuk Loeff te versterken. In dit project maak je gebruik van geavanceerde technologieën om te ontrafelen hoe bacter...
www.lumc.nl
October 10, 2025 at 10:36 AM
One week left to apply!!
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
How do SMC complexes load onto DNA to get ready for loop extrusion?
@roisnehamelinf.bsky.social & co discovered that Wadjet, an SMC complex involved in bacterial DNA immunity, performs some impressive molecular gymnastics 🤸♂️🤸♂️🤸♂️.
Check out the new paper: www.cell.com/molecular-ce...
@roisnehamelinf.bsky.social & co discovered that Wadjet, an SMC complex involved in bacterial DNA immunity, performs some impressive molecular gymnastics 🤸♂️🤸♂️🤸♂️.
Check out the new paper: www.cell.com/molecular-ce...
October 9, 2025 at 2:43 PM
How do SMC complexes load onto DNA to get ready for loop extrusion?
@roisnehamelinf.bsky.social & co discovered that Wadjet, an SMC complex involved in bacterial DNA immunity, performs some impressive molecular gymnastics 🤸♂️🤸♂️🤸♂️.
Check out the new paper: www.cell.com/molecular-ce...
@roisnehamelinf.bsky.social & co discovered that Wadjet, an SMC complex involved in bacterial DNA immunity, performs some impressive molecular gymnastics 🤸♂️🤸♂️🤸♂️.
Check out the new paper: www.cell.com/molecular-ce...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Today in @nature.com , we highlight how a cousin of CRISPR-Cas10, mCpol, establishes an evolutionary trap in anti-phage immune systems.
Check out @erinedoherty.bsky.social and my work from @doudna-lab.bsky.social lab here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Check out @erinedoherty.bsky.social and my work from @doudna-lab.bsky.social lab here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A miniature CRISPR–Cas10 enzyme confers immunity by inhibitory signalling - Nature
Panoptes, an anti-phage defence system against virus-mediated immune suppression, is revealed.
www.nature.com
October 1, 2025 at 5:57 PM
Today in @nature.com , we highlight how a cousin of CRISPR-Cas10, mCpol, establishes an evolutionary trap in anti-phage immune systems.
Check out @erinedoherty.bsky.social and my work from @doudna-lab.bsky.social lab here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Check out @erinedoherty.bsky.social and my work from @doudna-lab.bsky.social lab here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Our story describing the Panoptes bacterial immune defense system is now finally peer-reviewed and published today! www.nature.com/articles/s41...
The Panoptes system uses decoy cyclic nucleotides to defend against phage - Nature
The Panoptes antiphage system defends bacteria by detecting phage-encoded counter-defences that sequester cyclic nucleotide signals, triggering membrane disruption and highlighting a broader strategy of sensing immune evasion through second-messenger surveillance.
www.nature.com
October 1, 2025 at 4:05 PM
Our story describing the Panoptes bacterial immune defense system is now finally peer-reviewed and published today! www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Hiring! 🧬🔬
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
PhD-positie Bacteriële Verdedigingssystemen tegen Virussen | LUMC
Wij zoeken een getalenteerde en gemotiveerde PhD-kandidaat om het onderzoeksteam van Luuk Loeff te versterken. In dit project maak je gebruik van geavanceerde technologieën om te ontrafelen hoe bacter...
www.lumc.nl
September 29, 2025 at 11:36 AM
Hiring! 🧬🔬
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
Ever wondered how bacteria fight off viruses? We’re looking for a PhD student to dive into the molecular basis of newly discovered microbial immune systems, an area of biology where much remains to be uncovered.
RT/share to help us find our next team member!
www.lumc.nl/en/about-lum...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
You’ve heard of ubiquitination, meet deazaguanylation: Doug Wassarman in our lab discovered phage defense pathways have co-opted Q nucleobase biosynthetic enzymes to catalyze a new form of protein conjugation chemistry @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
September 25, 2025 at 7:16 PM
You’ve heard of ubiquitination, meet deazaguanylation: Doug Wassarman in our lab discovered phage defense pathways have co-opted Q nucleobase biosynthetic enzymes to catalyze a new form of protein conjugation chemistry @science.org
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Coming up next week: the third Dutch Structural Biology meeting! Now in Delft, on Sept 26. See program here: nvbmb.kncv.nl/biology-2025 with #teamtomo #cryoEM #nmrchat simulations and more (looks like)
Organized by the #NVBMB (associated with KNCV)
Organized by the #NVBMB (associated with KNCV)
Dutch Structural Biology Meeting 2025 - NVBMB
nvbmb.kncv.nl
September 18, 2025 at 9:02 PM
Coming up next week: the third Dutch Structural Biology meeting! Now in Delft, on Sept 26. See program here: nvbmb.kncv.nl/biology-2025 with #teamtomo #cryoEM #nmrchat simulations and more (looks like)
Organized by the #NVBMB (associated with KNCV)
Organized by the #NVBMB (associated with KNCV)
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Spacedust: a tool for de novo identification of conserved gene clusters from metagenomic data.
@ruoshiz.bsky.social @milot.bsky.social
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
@ruoshiz.bsky.social @milot.bsky.social
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
De novo discovery of conserved gene clusters in microbial genomes with Spacedust - Nature Methods
This work presents Spacedust, a tool for de novo identification of conserved gene clusters from metagenomic data.
www.nature.com
September 16, 2025 at 1:25 PM
Spacedust: a tool for de novo identification of conserved gene clusters from metagenomic data.
@ruoshiz.bsky.social @milot.bsky.social
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
@ruoshiz.bsky.social @milot.bsky.social
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
🚀 New publication alert! 🚀
We just published in @natbiotech.nature.com:
👉 Targeted DNA ADP-ribosylation triggers templated repair in bacteria and base mutagenesis in eukaryotes
doi.org/10.1038/s415...
We just published in @natbiotech.nature.com:
👉 Targeted DNA ADP-ribosylation triggers templated repair in bacteria and base mutagenesis in eukaryotes
doi.org/10.1038/s415...
Targeted DNA ADP-ribosylation triggers templated repair in bacteria and base mutagenesis in eukaryotes - Nature Biotechnology
Append editing of ADP-ribosyl to thymine is used for precise modifications in bacteria and eukaryotes.
doi.org
September 4, 2025 at 6:51 PM
🚀 New publication alert! 🚀
We just published in @natbiotech.nature.com:
👉 Targeted DNA ADP-ribosylation triggers templated repair in bacteria and base mutagenesis in eukaryotes
doi.org/10.1038/s415...
We just published in @natbiotech.nature.com:
👉 Targeted DNA ADP-ribosylation triggers templated repair in bacteria and base mutagenesis in eukaryotes
doi.org/10.1038/s415...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Excited to share my latest review, now published in the Royal Society theme issue on ‘The ecology and evolution of bacterial immune systems' (available OA):
Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has triggered seven pandemics, with the seventh pandemic emerging in 1961. The success of seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) V. cholerae as a human pathogen is linked to its acquisition of mobile genetic ...
royalsocietypublishing.org
September 6, 2025 at 1:02 PM
Excited to share my latest review, now published in the Royal Society theme issue on ‘The ecology and evolution of bacterial immune systems' (available OA):
Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
How can we understand the earliest events in evolution of eukaryotic immunity? @yao-li.bsky.social reports incredible molecular fossils of complete bacterial-like operons in eukaryotes that illuminate how animal immunity was first acquired from anti-phage defense
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
September 5, 2025 at 10:13 AM
How can we understand the earliest events in evolution of eukaryotic immunity? @yao-li.bsky.social reports incredible molecular fossils of complete bacterial-like operons in eukaryotes that illuminate how animal immunity was first acquired from anti-phage defense
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Our Wadjet-II paper by @roisnehamelinf.bsky.social is out in polished form: www.cell.com/structure/fu...
With a great preview by @kevincorbett.bsky.social & @amardeeep.bsky.social highlighting the potential of Wadjets:
Wadjet—Keeping a watchful eye on circular DNA.
www.cell.com/structure/fu...
With a great preview by @kevincorbett.bsky.social & @amardeeep.bsky.social highlighting the potential of Wadjets:
Wadjet—Keeping a watchful eye on circular DNA.
www.cell.com/structure/fu...
September 5, 2025 at 6:29 AM
Our Wadjet-II paper by @roisnehamelinf.bsky.social is out in polished form: www.cell.com/structure/fu...
With a great preview by @kevincorbett.bsky.social & @amardeeep.bsky.social highlighting the potential of Wadjets:
Wadjet—Keeping a watchful eye on circular DNA.
www.cell.com/structure/fu...
With a great preview by @kevincorbett.bsky.social & @amardeeep.bsky.social highlighting the potential of Wadjets:
Wadjet—Keeping a watchful eye on circular DNA.
www.cell.com/structure/fu...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Preprint: De-novo design of proteins that inhibit bacterial defenses
Our approach allows silencing defense systems of choice. We show how this approach enables programming of “untransformable” bacteria, and how it can enhance phage therapy applications
Congrats Jeremy Garb!
tinyurl.com/Syttt
🧵
Our approach allows silencing defense systems of choice. We show how this approach enables programming of “untransformable” bacteria, and how it can enhance phage therapy applications
Congrats Jeremy Garb!
tinyurl.com/Syttt
🧵
Synthetically designed anti-defense proteins overcome barriers to bacterial transformation and phage infection
Bacterial defense systems present considerable barriers to both phage infection and plasmid transformation. These systems target mobile genetic elements, limiting the efficacy of bacteriophage-based t...
www.biorxiv.org
September 2, 2025 at 10:48 AM
Preprint: De-novo design of proteins that inhibit bacterial defenses
Our approach allows silencing defense systems of choice. We show how this approach enables programming of “untransformable” bacteria, and how it can enhance phage therapy applications
Congrats Jeremy Garb!
tinyurl.com/Syttt
🧵
Our approach allows silencing defense systems of choice. We show how this approach enables programming of “untransformable” bacteria, and how it can enhance phage therapy applications
Congrats Jeremy Garb!
tinyurl.com/Syttt
🧵
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
📢 New preprint alert!
We designed synthetic proteins that can block bacterial immune systems, allowing phages + plasmids to overcome natural defenses.
This could transform phage therapy + genetic engineering.
Here’s what we found 🧵
Preprint🔗: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
We designed synthetic proteins that can block bacterial immune systems, allowing phages + plasmids to overcome natural defenses.
This could transform phage therapy + genetic engineering.
Here’s what we found 🧵
Preprint🔗: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Synthetically designed anti-defense proteins overcome barriers to bacterial transformation and phage infection
Bacterial defense systems present considerable barriers to both phage infection and plasmid transformation. These systems target mobile genetic elements, limiting the efficacy of bacteriophage-based t...
www.biorxiv.org
September 2, 2025 at 7:36 AM
📢 New preprint alert!
We designed synthetic proteins that can block bacterial immune systems, allowing phages + plasmids to overcome natural defenses.
This could transform phage therapy + genetic engineering.
Here’s what we found 🧵
Preprint🔗: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
We designed synthetic proteins that can block bacterial immune systems, allowing phages + plasmids to overcome natural defenses.
This could transform phage therapy + genetic engineering.
Here’s what we found 🧵
Preprint🔗: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Exciting to see our protein binder design pipeline BindCraft published in its final form in @Nature ! This has been an amazing collaborative effort with Lennart, Christian, @sokrypton.org, Bruno and many other amazing lab members and collaborators.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
August 27, 2025 at 4:14 PM
Exciting to see our protein binder design pipeline BindCraft published in its final form in @Nature ! This has been an amazing collaborative effort with Lennart, Christian, @sokrypton.org, Bruno and many other amazing lab members and collaborators.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Great opportunity to join the Leiden University Medical Center as a Junior Principal Investigator!
Congratulations to this year's awardees (Marieke Barnhoorn, Edouard Fu, Lydiane Hirschler, @lloeff.bsky.social and Rajagopal Murugan)! Applications are possible for 2026:
www.lumc.nl/en/news/2025...
Congratulations to this year's awardees (Marieke Barnhoorn, Edouard Fu, Lydiane Hirschler, @lloeff.bsky.social and Rajagopal Murugan)! Applications are possible for 2026:
www.lumc.nl/en/news/2025...
First Junior Principal Investigator Talent grants awarded at LUMC | LUMC
At the beginning of 2025, the new Junior Principal Investigator (PI) Talent Program was launched at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). With this program, LUMC annually invests in researchers...
www.lumc.nl
August 26, 2025 at 10:26 AM
Great opportunity to join the Leiden University Medical Center as a Junior Principal Investigator!
Congratulations to this year's awardees (Marieke Barnhoorn, Edouard Fu, Lydiane Hirschler, @lloeff.bsky.social and Rajagopal Murugan)! Applications are possible for 2026:
www.lumc.nl/en/news/2025...
Congratulations to this year's awardees (Marieke Barnhoorn, Edouard Fu, Lydiane Hirschler, @lloeff.bsky.social and Rajagopal Murugan)! Applications are possible for 2026:
www.lumc.nl/en/news/2025...
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Preprint: We discovered phage proteins that sequester diverse immune signaling molecules, including cUMP, cCMP, and N7-cADPR
The first viral sponges to inhibit Pycsar and type IV Thoeris
Congrats to talented leading author Romi Hadary! Read her thread to learn more about our findings
The first viral sponges to inhibit Pycsar and type IV Thoeris
Congrats to talented leading author Romi Hadary! Read her thread to learn more about our findings
August 25, 2025 at 1:00 PM
Preprint: We discovered phage proteins that sequester diverse immune signaling molecules, including cUMP, cCMP, and N7-cADPR
The first viral sponges to inhibit Pycsar and type IV Thoeris
Congrats to talented leading author Romi Hadary! Read her thread to learn more about our findings
The first viral sponges to inhibit Pycsar and type IV Thoeris
Congrats to talented leading author Romi Hadary! Read her thread to learn more about our findings
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Extremely excited to share that I’m joining Columbia University @columbiauniversity.bsky.social as an Assistant Professor!
We will explore how the mobile genome works—how transposons shape us, our DNA and how they can be harnessed to build useful technologies. #NewPI #RNAsky #TEsky
thawanilab.org
We will explore how the mobile genome works—how transposons shape us, our DNA and how they can be harnessed to build useful technologies. #NewPI #RNAsky #TEsky
thawanilab.org
The Thawani Lab at Columbia University
The Thawani Lab at Columbia University describing their research on mobile genome, cryo-electron microscopy and genome engineering
thawanilab.org
August 19, 2025 at 5:00 PM
Extremely excited to share that I’m joining Columbia University @columbiauniversity.bsky.social as an Assistant Professor!
We will explore how the mobile genome works—how transposons shape us, our DNA and how they can be harnessed to build useful technologies. #NewPI #RNAsky #TEsky
thawanilab.org
We will explore how the mobile genome works—how transposons shape us, our DNA and how they can be harnessed to build useful technologies. #NewPI #RNAsky #TEsky
thawanilab.org
Reposted by Luuk Loeff
Ever wondered why some bacteria have multiple CRISPR-Cas systems? Our new study led by Leah Smith shows how type I CRISPR systems can promote the acquisition and retention of new spacers into a co-occuring type III system. www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Type I CRISPR-Cas immunity primes type III spacer acquisition
CRISPR-Cas systems are diverse, with microbes harboring multiple classes and subtypes. Type I DNA-targeting and type III RNA-targeting systems often c…
www.sciencedirect.com
August 18, 2025 at 3:06 PM
Ever wondered why some bacteria have multiple CRISPR-Cas systems? Our new study led by Leah Smith shows how type I CRISPR systems can promote the acquisition and retention of new spacers into a co-occuring type III system. www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...