Juliane Glaser
@julianeg.bsky.social
Independent Group Leader at the MPI-IE passionate about mechanisms governing embryonic development with a focus on transposable elements🧬 Postdoc @MundlosLab 🇩🇪| PhD from @Bourchis lab 🇫🇷| She/her
https://www.julianeglaserlab.com/
https://www.julianeglaserlab.com/
Pinned
Juliane Glaser
@julianeg.bsky.social
· Jul 9
Enhancer adoption by an LTR retrotransposon generates viral-like particles, causing developmental limb phenotypes - Nature Genetics
Activation of an LTR retrotransposon inserted upstream of the Fgf8 gene produces viral-like particles in the mouse developing limb, triggering apoptosis and causing limb malformation. This phenotype c...
www.nature.com
Finally out! 🥳 Our paper showing how a transposable element (TE) insertion can cause developmental phenotypes is now published @natgenet.nature.com 🧬🦠🐁
Below is a brief description of the major findings. Check the full version of the paper for more details: www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02248-5
Below is a brief description of the major findings. Check the full version of the paper for more details: www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02248-5
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
piRNA-directed DNA methylation may not be a mammalian invention, but can already be found in the germline of axolotl salamanders
Donal O’Carroll and coworkers
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
Donal O’Carroll and coworkers
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
November 13, 2025 at 11:54 AM
piRNA-directed DNA methylation may not be a mammalian invention, but can already be found in the germline of axolotl salamanders
Donal O’Carroll and coworkers
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
Donal O’Carroll and coworkers
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Having a lot of fun at #EMBOMobileGenome 😃
Perfect timing for our paper from the lab of @toddmacfarlan.bsky.social to be out @natcomms.nature.com!!
…and I’m currently on the job market looking for a new scientific home!
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Perfect timing for our paper from the lab of @toddmacfarlan.bsky.social to be out @natcomms.nature.com!!
…and I’m currently on the job market looking for a new scientific home!
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Young KRAB-zinc finger gene clusters are highly dynamic incubators of ERV-driven genetic heterogeneity in mice - Nature Communications
KRAB-zinc finger proteins repress retrotransposons and rapidly evolve in mammals. Here, the authors show that ERV insertions drive the emergence and diversification of new KZFP genes in mice, revealin...
www.nature.com
November 6, 2025 at 9:40 AM
Having a lot of fun at #EMBOMobileGenome 😃
Perfect timing for our paper from the lab of @toddmacfarlan.bsky.social to be out @natcomms.nature.com!!
…and I’m currently on the job market looking for a new scientific home!
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Perfect timing for our paper from the lab of @toddmacfarlan.bsky.social to be out @natcomms.nature.com!!
…and I’m currently on the job market looking for a new scientific home!
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Here is the schedule for the next TriRhena Gene Regulation Club at the FMI @fmiscience.bsky.social in Basel 🇨🇭 next week (5 Nov 2025; 14:00-18:45).
Exciting topics ahead & we are looking forward to the #newPI talks by @julianeg.bsky.social (MPI) & Anupama Hemalatha (FMI).
www.ie-freiburg.mpg.de/grc
Exciting topics ahead & we are looking forward to the #newPI talks by @julianeg.bsky.social (MPI) & Anupama Hemalatha (FMI).
www.ie-freiburg.mpg.de/grc
October 30, 2025 at 9:17 AM
Here is the schedule for the next TriRhena Gene Regulation Club at the FMI @fmiscience.bsky.social in Basel 🇨🇭 next week (5 Nov 2025; 14:00-18:45).
Exciting topics ahead & we are looking forward to the #newPI talks by @julianeg.bsky.social (MPI) & Anupama Hemalatha (FMI).
www.ie-freiburg.mpg.de/grc
Exciting topics ahead & we are looking forward to the #newPI talks by @julianeg.bsky.social (MPI) & Anupama Hemalatha (FMI).
www.ie-freiburg.mpg.de/grc
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Spread the word! There is a professor position opening at our University @upcite.bsky.social. There are several possible (great) labs to join, but if you are interested in DNA methylation and epigenetics in mammals, don't hesitate to contact me directly!
#JobOffer
💼 Un poste susceptible d’être vacant de Professeur en stabilité des génomes devrait s’ouvrir pour la rentrée 2026 au sein de l’Institut Jacques Monod
➡️ Informations concernant ce poste et la procédure de candidature 🔗 www.ijm.fr/poste-de-pro...
💼 Un poste susceptible d’être vacant de Professeur en stabilité des génomes devrait s’ouvrir pour la rentrée 2026 au sein de l’Institut Jacques Monod
➡️ Informations concernant ce poste et la procédure de candidature 🔗 www.ijm.fr/poste-de-pro...
October 28, 2025 at 1:51 PM
Spread the word! There is a professor position opening at our University @upcite.bsky.social. There are several possible (great) labs to join, but if you are interested in DNA methylation and epigenetics in mammals, don't hesitate to contact me directly!
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
🌟Im happy to share that this winter I'll be starting my lab at the Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University! Excited to join the Department of Medical and Translational Biology as a Wallenberg Fellow and looking forward to new collaborations and cool transposon research 🤩 🧬
October 26, 2025 at 4:49 PM
🌟Im happy to share that this winter I'll be starting my lab at the Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University! Excited to join the Department of Medical and Translational Biology as a Wallenberg Fellow and looking forward to new collaborations and cool transposon research 🤩 🧬
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Cracking the code of the non-coding genome via allele-specific genomics?
Can we link non-coding elements—like lncRNAs and enhancers—to their protein-coding target genes, and in doing so, connect overlapping non-coding disease variants to their protein-coding counterparts?
Can we link non-coding elements—like lncRNAs and enhancers—to their protein-coding target genes, and in doing so, connect overlapping non-coding disease variants to their protein-coding counterparts?
October 24, 2025 at 2:44 AM
Cracking the code of the non-coding genome via allele-specific genomics?
Can we link non-coding elements—like lncRNAs and enhancers—to their protein-coding target genes, and in doing so, connect overlapping non-coding disease variants to their protein-coding counterparts?
Can we link non-coding elements—like lncRNAs and enhancers—to their protein-coding target genes, and in doing so, connect overlapping non-coding disease variants to their protein-coding counterparts?
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
I am absolutely delighted to share the invited speakers for our upcoming @bsdb.bsky.social "Molecules to Morphogenesis" meeting!
Registration and abstract submission is now open - join us!
bsdb.org/meetings/
March 23-26, 2026 - UK
Registration and abstract submission is now open - join us!
bsdb.org/meetings/
March 23-26, 2026 - UK
October 23, 2025 at 5:25 PM
I am absolutely delighted to share the invited speakers for our upcoming @bsdb.bsky.social "Molecules to Morphogenesis" meeting!
Registration and abstract submission is now open - join us!
bsdb.org/meetings/
March 23-26, 2026 - UK
Registration and abstract submission is now open - join us!
bsdb.org/meetings/
March 23-26, 2026 - UK
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
I am very excited to announce the opening of the submission site for the upcoming Conférences Jacques Monod on Developmental Biology, May 18-22, 2026 cjm.sb-roscoff.fr/en/conferenc...
@lionlchristiaen.bsky.social and I have an exciting program of speakers and slots for selected short talks, etc.
@lionlchristiaen.bsky.social and I have an exciting program of speakers and slots for selected short talks, etc.
October 23, 2025 at 12:49 PM
I am very excited to announce the opening of the submission site for the upcoming Conférences Jacques Monod on Developmental Biology, May 18-22, 2026 cjm.sb-roscoff.fr/en/conferenc...
@lionlchristiaen.bsky.social and I have an exciting program of speakers and slots for selected short talks, etc.
@lionlchristiaen.bsky.social and I have an exciting program of speakers and slots for selected short talks, etc.
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
“Developmental biology is fundamentally beautiful. We are no less beautiful for our variation. Instead, perhaps we are more so. Perhaps we are remarkable. Perhaps we are full of wonder.”
Read this insightful post by Bethan on the Node.
thenode.biologists.com/developmenta...
#Disability
Read this insightful post by Bethan on the Node.
thenode.biologists.com/developmenta...
#Disability
Developmental Biology and Disability - the Node
Hopeful monsters. Morphospace. Mutation. Natural variation. Mutagenesis screens. Polymorphism. Deformity. Phenotype. Disease. Adaptation. Anomaly.
thenode.biologists.com
October 22, 2025 at 1:15 PM
“Developmental biology is fundamentally beautiful. We are no less beautiful for our variation. Instead, perhaps we are more so. Perhaps we are remarkable. Perhaps we are full of wonder.”
Read this insightful post by Bethan on the Node.
thenode.biologists.com/developmenta...
#Disability
Read this insightful post by Bethan on the Node.
thenode.biologists.com/developmenta...
#Disability
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
🔬 Limb regeneration depends on regenerative signaling center cells — but how do these cells influence others to proliferate, migrate, or differentiate?
We’re recruiting PhD or Postdoc candidates to explore this with our collaborator @osvaldo-chara.bsky.social !
We’re recruiting PhD or Postdoc candidates to explore this with our collaborator @osvaldo-chara.bsky.social !
October 21, 2025 at 6:56 AM
🔬 Limb regeneration depends on regenerative signaling center cells — but how do these cells influence others to proliferate, migrate, or differentiate?
We’re recruiting PhD or Postdoc candidates to explore this with our collaborator @osvaldo-chara.bsky.social !
We’re recruiting PhD or Postdoc candidates to explore this with our collaborator @osvaldo-chara.bsky.social !
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Our publication is out today!Big Thanks go to my amazing collaborators: @sedonamurphy.bsky.social for her imaging brilliance and @mattjones.bsky.social for his computational support.They both saw the potential in this project and helped me to explore what turned out to be an exciting discovery.
Here, we show that the unique regulatory landscape of ecDNA enables an ancient LINE to resurrect and act as an enhancer of Myc. This was so fun with @katerinakraft.bsky.social and @mattjones.bsky.social and others. www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Enhancer activation from transposable elements in extrachromosomal DNA - Nature Cell Biology
Kraft, Murphy, Jones et al. identify extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)-interacting elements (EIEs) enriched for transposable elements within ecDNA in colorectal cancer cells. They show that EIE 14 integrat...
www.nature.com
October 21, 2025 at 1:34 PM
Our publication is out today!Big Thanks go to my amazing collaborators: @sedonamurphy.bsky.social for her imaging brilliance and @mattjones.bsky.social for his computational support.They both saw the potential in this project and helped me to explore what turned out to be an exciting discovery.
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
In our "Meet the First Author" series, we spoke with Magdalena Schindler and Christian Feregrino about the fascinating world of bats, how teamwork can lead to friendship, and the potential of basic research. Watch the video ⬇️ and read the full interview here: www.molgen.mpg.de/2025-16-10-m...
October 17, 2025 at 1:02 PM
In our "Meet the First Author" series, we spoke with Magdalena Schindler and Christian Feregrino about the fascinating world of bats, how teamwork can lead to friendship, and the potential of basic research. Watch the video ⬇️ and read the full interview here: www.molgen.mpg.de/2025-16-10-m...
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Out now! 🎉 Check the thread & preprint to see why we think E–P specificity is real in mammals — and, well, a few other interesting things popped up too 👀
Huge thanks to @danielibrahim.bsky.social, @arnaudkr.bsky.social & @stemundi.bsky.social and fantastic people in their labs — what a journey! 🧪🔬
Huge thanks to @danielibrahim.bsky.social, @arnaudkr.bsky.social & @stemundi.bsky.social and fantastic people in their labs — what a journey! 🧪🔬
What is a promoter? And how does it work?
We very happy to share our latest work trying to understand enhancer-promoter compatibility.
I am very excited about the results of @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social, which changed the way I think about promoters
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
We very happy to share our latest work trying to understand enhancer-promoter compatibility.
I am very excited about the results of @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social, which changed the way I think about promoters
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Enhancer-promoter compatibility is mediated by the promoter-proximal region
Gene promoters induce transcription in response to distal enhancers. How enhancers specifically activate their target promoter while bypassing other promoters remains unclear. Here, we find that the p...
www.biorxiv.org
October 17, 2025 at 5:50 AM
Out now! 🎉 Check the thread & preprint to see why we think E–P specificity is real in mammals — and, well, a few other interesting things popped up too 👀
Huge thanks to @danielibrahim.bsky.social, @arnaudkr.bsky.social & @stemundi.bsky.social and fantastic people in their labs — what a journey! 🧪🔬
Huge thanks to @danielibrahim.bsky.social, @arnaudkr.bsky.social & @stemundi.bsky.social and fantastic people in their labs — what a journey! 🧪🔬
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Did transposable elements shape brain evolution — and if so, which ones, and in which cell states and lineages? Led by @tyamadat.bsky.social, we explored this question in cerebellum development using sequence-based deep learning models!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
October 16, 2025 at 10:01 PM
Did transposable elements shape brain evolution — and if so, which ones, and in which cell states and lineages? Led by @tyamadat.bsky.social, we explored this question in cerebellum development using sequence-based deep learning models!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
@blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social did an absolutely amazing job!! created everything from scratch, set up #RMCE with the fantastic help from @arnaudkr.bsky.social and saw this thing through.
She'll be looking for a #postdoc position very soon. I'd ask her if I were you!!!
She'll be looking for a #postdoc position very soon. I'd ask her if I were you!!!
October 16, 2025 at 3:06 PM
@blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social did an absolutely amazing job!! created everything from scratch, set up #RMCE with the fantastic help from @arnaudkr.bsky.social and saw this thing through.
She'll be looking for a #postdoc position very soon. I'd ask her if I were you!!!
She'll be looking for a #postdoc position very soon. I'd ask her if I were you!!!
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Ever wondered what drives enhancer-promoter specificity? Why would an enhancer activate one gene rather than another neighboring one?
Check our latest preprint, led by @mmasoura.bsky.social, to find out!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Check our latest preprint, led by @mmasoura.bsky.social, to find out!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Promoter-proximal gatekeepers restrict pleiotropic enhancer inputs to achieve tissue specificity
Developmental enhancers are central regulatory elements that can activate multiple genes, yet how they selectively regulate one gene over its neighbours remains unclear. Using the Drosophila twist E3 ...
www.biorxiv.org
October 16, 2025 at 12:34 PM
Ever wondered what drives enhancer-promoter specificity? Why would an enhancer activate one gene rather than another neighboring one?
Check our latest preprint, led by @mmasoura.bsky.social, to find out!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Check our latest preprint, led by @mmasoura.bsky.social, to find out!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
you must check out @yghavi.bsky.social and @mmasoura.bsky.social's story, who found a similar mechanism in Drosophila. it's so cool if two works align!!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Promoter-proximal gatekeepers restrict pleiotropic enhancer inputs to achieve tissue specificity
Developmental enhancers are central regulatory elements that can activate multiple genes, yet how they selectively regulate one gene over its neighbours remains unclear. Using the Drosophila twist E3 ...
www.biorxiv.org
October 16, 2025 at 3:06 PM
you must check out @yghavi.bsky.social and @mmasoura.bsky.social's story, who found a similar mechanism in Drosophila. it's so cool if two works align!!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
What mediates enhancer-promoter compatibility? Get some answers & learn about the important of the promoter-proximal
region here 👇
Congratulations @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social @danielibrahim.bsky.social on this beautiful work!!!!🥂🥂
region here 👇
Congratulations @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social @danielibrahim.bsky.social on this beautiful work!!!!🥂🥂
What is a promoter? And how does it work?
We very happy to share our latest work trying to understand enhancer-promoter compatibility.
I am very excited about the results of @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social, which changed the way I think about promoters
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
We very happy to share our latest work trying to understand enhancer-promoter compatibility.
I am very excited about the results of @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social, which changed the way I think about promoters
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
Enhancer-promoter compatibility is mediated by the promoter-proximal region
Gene promoters induce transcription in response to distal enhancers. How enhancers specifically activate their target promoter while bypassing other promoters remains unclear. Here, we find that the p...
www.biorxiv.org
October 16, 2025 at 3:23 PM
What mediates enhancer-promoter compatibility? Get some answers & learn about the important of the promoter-proximal
region here 👇
Congratulations @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social @danielibrahim.bsky.social on this beautiful work!!!!🥂🥂
region here 👇
Congratulations @blanka-majchrzycka.bsky.social @danielibrahim.bsky.social on this beautiful work!!!!🥂🥂
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Thrilled to share that the lab has been awarded a @wellcometrust.bsky.social Discovery Award to keep exploring the evolution of 6-methyladenine #6mA in Eukaryotes. We'll open postdoc (3️⃣) and tech (1️⃣) positions to start in 2026, please share with candidates or reach out if you’d like to join us.
October 8, 2025 at 12:17 PM
Thrilled to share that the lab has been awarded a @wellcometrust.bsky.social Discovery Award to keep exploring the evolution of 6-methyladenine #6mA in Eukaryotes. We'll open postdoc (3️⃣) and tech (1️⃣) positions to start in 2026, please share with candidates or reach out if you’d like to join us.
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
⚠️ Paper alert: Using a novel CRISPR screening approach, we mapped the entire regulatory network controlling Xist—key for X-chromosome inactivation.
👉 We discover how sex and development signals are decoded at a single gene locus.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
👇 Bluetorial
👉 We discover how sex and development signals are decoded at a single gene locus.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
👇 Bluetorial
Reporter CRISPR screens decipher cis-regulatory and trans-regulatory principles at the Xist locus - Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
Here Schwämmle et al. develop CRISPR reporter screens to map transcription-factor-regulatory element interactions at the Xist locus, revealing a two-step mechanism integrating developmental and X-dosage signals to initiate X-chromosome inactivation.
www.nature.com
October 6, 2025 at 1:02 PM
⚠️ Paper alert: Using a novel CRISPR screening approach, we mapped the entire regulatory network controlling Xist—key for X-chromosome inactivation.
👉 We discover how sex and development signals are decoded at a single gene locus.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
👇 Bluetorial
👉 We discover how sex and development signals are decoded at a single gene locus.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
👇 Bluetorial
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
⚡⚡Excited to announce I'll be starting my lab at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics (@molgen.mpg.de) in Berlin in December! Leaving sunny California to join a fantastic environment with colleagues who do super cool work.
🔬🦠I'm hiring at all levels! 🔬🦠Check: www.molgen.mpg.de/fueyo-lab
🔬🦠I'm hiring at all levels! 🔬🦠Check: www.molgen.mpg.de/fueyo-lab
October 6, 2025 at 1:46 PM
⚡⚡Excited to announce I'll be starting my lab at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics (@molgen.mpg.de) in Berlin in December! Leaving sunny California to join a fantastic environment with colleagues who do super cool work.
🔬🦠I'm hiring at all levels! 🔬🦠Check: www.molgen.mpg.de/fueyo-lab
🔬🦠I'm hiring at all levels! 🔬🦠Check: www.molgen.mpg.de/fueyo-lab
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
🚨JOB ALERT🚨
FRIENDS PLEASE SPREAD and RT
We are building a small expert team within the @bokelab.bsky.social at @crg.eu @prbb.org to investigate fundamental questions in oocyte cell biology, focusing on how proteostasis regulation influences dormancy and fertility.
See below 2 calls👇
FRIENDS PLEASE SPREAD and RT
We are building a small expert team within the @bokelab.bsky.social at @crg.eu @prbb.org to investigate fundamental questions in oocyte cell biology, focusing on how proteostasis regulation influences dormancy and fertility.
See below 2 calls👇
October 2, 2025 at 11:00 AM
🚨JOB ALERT🚨
FRIENDS PLEASE SPREAD and RT
We are building a small expert team within the @bokelab.bsky.social at @crg.eu @prbb.org to investigate fundamental questions in oocyte cell biology, focusing on how proteostasis regulation influences dormancy and fertility.
See below 2 calls👇
FRIENDS PLEASE SPREAD and RT
We are building a small expert team within the @bokelab.bsky.social at @crg.eu @prbb.org to investigate fundamental questions in oocyte cell biology, focusing on how proteostasis regulation influences dormancy and fertility.
See below 2 calls👇
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Today in @nature.com, we present our work leveraging functional genomics and human blastoids to uncover a human-specific mechanism in preimplantation development driven by the endogenous retrovirus HERVK.
Special thanks to the reviewers whose comments improved our manuscript a lot! rdcu.be/eI3tD
Special thanks to the reviewers whose comments improved our manuscript a lot! rdcu.be/eI3tD
A human-specific regulatory mechanism revealed in a pre-implantation model
Nature - Genetic manipulation of blastoids reveals the role of recently emerged transposable elements and genes in human development.
rdcu.be
October 1, 2025 at 6:08 PM
Today in @nature.com, we present our work leveraging functional genomics and human blastoids to uncover a human-specific mechanism in preimplantation development driven by the endogenous retrovirus HERVK.
Special thanks to the reviewers whose comments improved our manuscript a lot! rdcu.be/eI3tD
Special thanks to the reviewers whose comments improved our manuscript a lot! rdcu.be/eI3tD
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
Our reporter hopping scaled up to thousands of integrations in a single locus, to produce high-resolution functional maps, with plenty of interesting insights: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Functional maps of a genomic locus reveal confinement of an enhancer by its target gene
Genes are often activated by enhancers located at large genomic distances, and the importance of this positioning is poorly understood. By relocating promoter-reporter constructs into thousands of alt...
www.science.org
September 24, 2025 at 8:56 AM
Our reporter hopping scaled up to thousands of integrations in a single locus, to produce high-resolution functional maps, with plenty of interesting insights: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Reposted by Juliane Glaser
❓Can a father’s environmental exposures before conception influence their offspring?
We systematically tackled this - identifying effects of paternal age, environment and genetics on early embryos - as well as confounding influences
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
We systematically tackled this - identifying effects of paternal age, environment and genetics on early embryos - as well as confounding influences
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
Embryonic signatures of intergenerational epigenetic inheritance across paternal environments and genetic backgrounds | The EMBO Journal
imageimagePaternal environmental exposures have been linked with modulation of phenotype and
disease risk in offspring via largely unclear mechanisms. This study employs in vitro
fertilization and sin...
www.embopress.org
September 27, 2025 at 7:28 AM
❓Can a father’s environmental exposures before conception influence their offspring?
We systematically tackled this - identifying effects of paternal age, environment and genetics on early embryos - as well as confounding influences
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....
We systematically tackled this - identifying effects of paternal age, environment and genetics on early embryos - as well as confounding influences
www.embopress.org/doi/full/10....