Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the gold standard for treatment of globoid cell leukodystrophy, also called Krabbe disease. Aisenberg et al. define the molecular signature of disease-associated macrophages (globoid cells) and demonstrate that brain-specific high-efficiency macrophage replacement in the twitcher model of Krabbe disease improves neuropathology, macrophage dysfunction, and survival.

Remyelination, the process by which axons are re-encased in myelin after injury, is a critical step in restoring brain function, yet the dynamics from initial injury to repair remain poorly characteri...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 04 April 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01081-yAutoimmunity in multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally considered to be directed against components of myelin or oligodendrocytes. However, this Perspective argues that an immune attack on the ion and water homeostasis machinery in astrocytic endfeet is the primary event in MS and that myelin damage results from astrocyte dysfunction.