INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythm disruption is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), though it remains unclear how the light-dark (LD) cycle and the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmat...

Metabolic inflexibility in Alzheimer's disease. Schematic illustrating the biphasic trajectory of metabolic activity relative to canonical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. In the presymptomatic p...

The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology remains insufficiently characterized. Here, the authors show that aggravated astrocyte response to Aβ causes brain inflammation, and amyloid and...

This study assesses various methods and timings for perfusion of fixatives to enhance brain histology, addressing ethical dilemmas associated with ante-mortem transcardiac perfusion and the lack of da...

Rethinking Alzheimer’s disease through the lens of myelin

The mechanisms sustaining the persistence of compartmentalized inflammation in MS remain unclear. By generating a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of chronic active MS lesions, Feng et al. reveal CD8+ T cell niches that are enriched with inflamed microglia displaying increased interferon responses and impaired lipid metabolism. Experimental induction of inflamed, foamy microglia in autoimmune encephalomyelitis models exacerbates disease severity.

Myelin damage in multiple sclerosis can be detected up to 7 years before symptoms, with early immune pathway activation and a 21-protein panel showing promise for presymptomatic diagnosis.

The gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is found to enhance mitochondrial fatty acid and amino acid oxidation in CD4+ T cells. In mice, IPA-mediated metabolic reprogramming...

INTRODUCTION The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 isoform is associated with increased white matter lesions in hu...

Intercellular nanotubular networks mediate material exchange, but their existence in neurons remains to be explored in detail. We identified long, thin dendritic filopodia forming direct dendrite–dend...

Alzheimer's disease involves a drastic departure from the cognitive, functional, and behavioural trajectory of normal ageing, and is both a dreaded and highly prevalent cause of disability to individu...

Oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein (aSyn) deposits are a key feature in the atypical parkinsonian disorder, multiple system atrophy (MSA) linked to profound myelin loss and neurodegeneration while preci...

Background The aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD are intricate, involving genetic and environmental factors. Notably, cigarette smoking has contrasting effects, being detrimental to Crohn’s disease (C...

In their recent study, Sasmita et al.1 reported that the parental origin of the 5xFAD (Tg6799) transgene substantially influences amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in this widely used amyloid model for...

In Alzheimer’s disease, tau pathology not only contributes to cortical atrophy but also leads to the degeneration of white matter tracts that connect diffe

Modeling mitochondria-containing thin unmyelinated axons based on songbird premotor axon electron microscopy shows that mitochondria slow conduction velocity, delaying action potential propagation.

Human myelinated brain organoids with integrated microglia can be used to investigate demyelination, remyelination, and remyelinating therapies.

Myelination is essential for normal brain function, yet the mechanisms governing neuron-oligodendrocyte interactions that ensure proper myelination le…

Myelination of CNS axons requires oligodendrocytes to undergo extensive morphological changes by producing large amounts of myelin membrane with defined protein composition and structure. The formatio...