Here, the authors solve a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures that show how transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can guide the assembly of the multisubunit poxvirus RNA polymerase, uncovering a role of tRN...

Despite their prevalence, eating disorders (EDs) are under-researched and often misunderstood. A recent focus of research on the biological underpinnings of EDs has helped to reframe our understanding of their origins, but there remain a lack of effective treatment options, high rates of relapse and, unfortunately, high mortality and morbidity. In this Review, we highlight the many facets of normal and pathological feeding behaviour and body weight regulation and suggest that these provide a framework with which to develop integrative methods to study, and ultimately treat, EDs. We propose that a better understanding of the biological causes of ED, and their crucial interactions with psychological and environmental factors, is necessary to progress the field. This can be achieved through a combination of preclinical and clinical investigations, which provide complementary information on these highly complex disorders. In the era of individualized medicine and with the advent of artific

tRNA modifications are essential for function, yet their timing relative to processing is unclear. Here, the authors show that queuosine and derivative modifications occur before splicing of pre-tRNA^...

Bacteria can use different mechanisms to become resistant to the same antibiotic class. Here, the authors study bacterial strains that express genes conferring tetracycline resistance via different me...

Some bacteria use a large protein complex, the stressosome, to sense and respond to environmental stress. Here, Khadka et al. show that a long-assumed sensor in the complex is dispensable for sensing,...

Members of the 3'-5' RNA polymerase family, comprised of tRNAHis guanylyltransferase (Thg1) and Thg1

This study describes structures of the transcription factor brachyury revealing the mechanism of DNA recognition. They identify fragments using X-ray fragment screening and optimize these into potent ...

Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin2 typically cause axonal Charcot-Ma

Bhatta et al. use biochemistry and cryogenic electron microscopy to elucidate the mechanism of human tRNA 3′ processing. Their results show how mitochondria-specific subunits of RNase Z compensate for...

X-ray analysis of bony scale shows vertebrates developed ability to remodel and repair bone much earlier than thought

Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are crucial for protein synthesis, but their position-specific physiological roles remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the impact of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C...

This study reveals the mechanisms of NEAT1 lncRNA maturation and menRNA biogenesis and uncovers an RNA-centric, riboswitch-like mechanism where menRNA drives its own conformational isomerization that ...

The CCR4-NOT complex is a major regulator of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. Slow decoding during translation promotes association of CCR4-NOT with ribosomes, accelerating mRNA degradation....

Cells respond to many different types of stresses by overhauling gene expression patterns, both at the transcriptional and translational level. Under heat stress, global transcription and translation ...