Both fear and emotional pain present unique symptom profiles in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, potentially informing new treatment approaches.

The Reward Positivity (RewP) is an electroencephalogram (EEG) feature that emerges following performance feedback and is commonly understood to index both positive and negative reward-prediction error (RPE+ and RPE−, respectively) signals. In contrast to this dominant perspective, we argue that the RewP is an independent EEG feature that selectively responds to positive RPE and is superimposed on a common background signal. We further propose that the RewP signals a goal prediction error: it is elicited by abstract signals instead of by hedonic 'rewards'. This goal prediction error appears to be produced by a critic-like architecture that is associated with the actor–critic framework in reinforcement learning. This perspective emphasizes the role of the RewP in goal attainment and cognitive control as opposed to being a simple indicator of reward receipt.

Abstract. Cross-modal neuroplasticity is a well-studied phenomenon whereby in the absence of sensory input (e.g., in individuals who are deaf or blind), the sensory cortices of the affected modality a...

Annual leadership award for early career professionals providing for an intensive mentoring and professional development opportunity at ADAA's Annual Conference. The awards also include a $1,000 cash ...

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Abstract. Independent component analysis (ICA) denoising methods can be highly effective for reducing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noise. ICA denoising method success heavily depends, ...