T cell immunity declines with thymic atrophy, but thymic cell grafts rescue T cell function.

An analysis of T cell responses in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows that the C9orf72 antigen is a key target of autoimmune responses in the disease, and identifies C9orf72 epitopes that are recognized.

HSV529 and G103 are investigational therapeutic vaccines for genital herpes. HSV529 is a replication-defective HSV-2. G103 contains three recombinant …

Jane Goodall, primatologist who transformed our understanding of the lives of apes, has died, according to an announcement from the Jane Goodall Institute.

In vitro stimulation of healthy human immune cells is commonly used to reproduce the immune states observed in disease, both to understand pathology and to test therapeutic approaches. However, experiments typically focus on individual cell types and stimuli and a comprehensive cellular comparison of common immunomodulators and their relevance to disease is lacking. To this end, we performed integrated single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with 11 different common in vitro stimuli, totalling over 150,000 cells from 21 immune cell subtypes. Comparative analysis of the immunomodulations revealed their shared and unique pathways, for instance stimulation via the T cell receptor (anti-CD3, CytoStimTM) and IFN-α induced broad activation signatures including off-target effects across multiple cell types, whereas TNF-α and LPS elicited more specific responses. Ligand-receptor interaction mapping also uncovered the common and distinct intercellular signalling pathways across stimuli. Comparing the stimuli to patient samples enabled identification of specific inflammatory disease features best replicated by each. For example, IFN-α stimulation recapitulated signatures of SLE across cell types, whereas LPS induced SLE-like changes specifically within monocytes. Comparative cell-cell network analysis showed that in vitro stimuli were able to recreate some, but not all, aspects of intercellular interactions upregulated in SLE, highlighting the limitations of these model systems. This resource provides new insights into the similarities and differences of established immune stimuli at cellular resolution and facilitates appropriate use of in vitro systems to study pathways relevant to disease. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

All to save 0.08 percent of the budget.

“No one is coming to save us from this,” said Abraham Flaxman, a professor at the University of Washington. “We’re going to have to save ourselves.”

As UW medical scientists, we urge Washingtonians to defend the NIH’s life-saving research funding.

The Trump administration hobbles research and endangers the public health.

Durham NC’s EvE Bio is seeking a Senior Data Scientist/Developer to join our data science team as its second member. The ideal candidate will have substantial experience with R and Shiny programming, ...

Alt: The Kate McKinnon SNL skit where she flips through signs saying “ha” .