Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 24 March 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01102-2Cancer immunotherapies utilize the immune system to attack tumour cells but steroid hormones have immunosuppressive effects that can reduce immunotherapy efficacy. This Review discusses the role of steroid hormones, both endogenous and exogenous, on tumour-associated immune cells and cancer immunotherapies.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 10 March 2025; doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01091-2This Review outlines the mechanisms that regulate the establishment and maintenance of the adrenal stem cell niche — comprising capsular stem cells and cortical…

In this Primer, Loomba and colleagues discuss the epidemiology, current understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting 30% of the adult population.

CTEXLI is the first and only medication approved for the treatment of CTX in adults Approval based on Phase 3 RESTORE study results CTEXLI granted U.S. FDA Orphan Drug exclusivity for the treatment of...

Autonomic neuropathy contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetic gastroenteropathy, which impacts the entire gastrointestinal tract alongside pancreatic and gallbladder functions. This is evident i...

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong insulin dependence. Although exogenous insulin can maintain glycaemic control, this approach does not protect residual or replacement pancreatic beta cells from immune-mediated death. Current therapeutics designed to protect functional beta cell mass or promote beta cell proliferation and regeneration can have off-target effects, resulting in higher dose requirements and adverse side effects. Targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers has demonstrated potential for overcoming these limitations. The critical bottleneck limiting the development of beta cell-targeted therapies is a lack of highly specific beta cell markers. This review provides an overview of the use of nanocarriers for cell-targeted delivery and the current state of the field of beta cell targeting. Technologies such as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) aptamer selection, phage display screening, and omics datasets from human samples are highlighted as tools to identify novel beta cell-specific targets that can be combined with nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutics. Ultimately, beta cell-targeted therapies using nanocarriers present a unique opportunity to develop tailored treatments for each stage of type 1 diabetes with the goal of providing individuals with treatment options that prevent further progression or reverse the course of the disease. Graphical Abstract

This review describes basic and translational research on the complex physiological processes of hunger, which regulate feeding habits and are influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, and behavioral ...