The Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis (ZMB) is a nationally and internationally recognized Core Facility at the University of Zurich (UZH), providing access to state-of-the-art light and electr...

Allergies can persist even in the absence of allergen exposure. Miranda-Waldetario et al. find that IgE-producing plasma cells mature, acquire survival adaptations, and persist for extended periods of...

It's so horrible, it should actually piss you off

Tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells (TRM) are key sentinels of the adaptive immune response that provide a rapid, robust inflammatory response upon reactivation in non-lymphoid tissues. While CD4+ TRM...

Specialized macrophages are known to persist within tissue niches, but the molecular mechanisms guiding their sustained functional adaptation remain unclear. Kolter and Döring et al. show that local interactions between sensory nerves and macrophages activate TGF-β, which imprints and maintains nerve-associated macrophages that contribute to regeneration after tissue injury.

Granulomas are classic manifestations of tuberculosis pathogenesis. They result from an ensemble of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the identities, arrangement, cellular interactions, and regulation of the cells that comprise them have thus far been incompletely understood. To better understand the composition of granulomas, we conducted spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing of granulomas in biopsy specimens from patients with tuberculosis. We found that granulomas consist of concentric transcriptional laminae surrounding areas of central necrosis. We identified distinct populations of granuloma-associated stromal cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Furthermore, gene expression among these cell populations differed by location within granulomas. We used inferential analysis to predict dominant granuloma cell-cell interactions, the activity of major signaling pathways, and transcription factor activities. Using spatial deconvolution, we mapped a conserved pattern of cellular organization dominated by macrophages rich in SPP1/osteopontin expression. Trajectory analysis of macrophage subtypes mapped their differentiation and supported the importance of SPP1 to granuloma macrophage polarization. Using the Mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish model, we found that mycobacterial infection induces spp1 expression in macrophages and that spp1 ablation results in granuloma formation defects and reduced survival in adult animals. Cumulatively, we have identified a dominant macrophage granuloma population as well as its central regulatory gene in human samples and confirmed the importance of spp1 to granuloma biology in vivo.

Mucosal immunization and respiratory IgA offer significant promise in protecting against airborne pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. However, the conditions and mechanisms that lead to the robust induct...

I spoke out against hatred and violence in America — and it cost me my job.

Just a few weeks ago, researchers and educators connected to immunology lost a wonderful friend and colleague: Michael Cancro, professor of pathology and lab medicine at the University of Pennsylvania...