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Cell Host & Microbe
@cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social
The scientific editors of Cell Host & Microbe, a Cell Press journal, bring you the latest information and insights from the forefront of host-microbe research.
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New year, new issue, with “magnified” insights into microbiology!

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Reposted by Cell Host & Microbe
Excited to share the newest paper from our team, where we uncovered a potential role of the uncultured gut #microbiome in health: www.cell.com/cell-host-mi.... Out now in @cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social @cellpress.bsky.social. With Ana C. da Silva, Jacob Lapkin, Qi Yin and Efrat Muller.
Meta-analysis of the uncultured gut microbiome across 11,115 global metagenomes reveals a candidate signature of health
Silva et al. perform a global analysis of over 11,000 gut microbiomes and reveal that uncultured bacteria are key markers of gut health. The uncultured genus CAG-170 is strongly linked to low gut dysb...
www.cell.com
February 9, 2026 at 4:46 PM
Weekend read! Structural proteome unfolds insight into gut microbiome:
Structure database of gut microbial proteins & structure-aware AI model for remote homolog detection. Reveals diversification of phage endolysins & bacterial enzymes in melatonin biosynthesis
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Exploring functional insights into the human gut microbiome via the structural proteome
Liu et al. develop a structure database of human gut microbial proteins and a structure-aware AI model for remote homolog detection. They demonstrate the power of structure-guided approach in discover...
www.cell.com
February 6, 2026 at 5:02 PM
HMGB1 guards gut mucosal barrier

HMGB1 in colonic mucus directly targets bacterial adhesins to protect the gut epithelium against commensal bacteria. Ulcerative colitis is associated with HGMB1 failure & adhesion of target bacteria
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HMGB1 functions as a critical mediator of host defense at the gut mucosal barrier
Trillions of adhesion-capable bacteria reside in the gut, yet they rarely attach to healthy host tissue. Here, Overstreet et al. reveal that HMGB1 in colonic mucus directly targets bacterial adhesins ...
www.cell.com
February 4, 2026 at 7:20 PM
DNA recognition-mimicry switch governs induction in arbitrium phages:
· Antirepressor triggers prophage entry into lytic cycle
· Antirepressor inactivates master repressor by mimicking DNA target
· Antirepressor controlled by host SOS response
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A DNA recognition-mimicry switch governs induction in arbitrium phages
Chmielowska et al. reveal how arbitrium phages coordinate host stress and viral communication to control induction. An SOS-regulated antirepressor disables an unusual phage repressor by DNA mimicry, w...
www.cell.com
February 3, 2026 at 10:47 PM
Arbitrium system controls lysis/lysogeny via antirepression:

Arbitrium systems are embedded in 5-gene extended system. In absence of arbitrium signal, receptor activates antirepressor that interferes with repressor dimerization through molecular mimicry
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A widespread extended arbitrium system controls lysis/lysogeny through antirepression
Some temperate phages utilize intercellular signaling to decide between virulence and dormancy. How signaling regulates decision-making is not well understood. Kabel et al. show that in a large majori...
www.cell.com
February 3, 2026 at 10:44 PM
Evolution of root nodule symbiosis

A single origin of root nodule symbiosis regulatory networks, followed by lineage-specific refinements & repeated losses in non-nodulation lineages, provides unifying framework to understand evolution of this complex trait
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Evolution of root nodule symbiosis via paleopolyploidy and modular pathway rewiring
Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) innovation is vital for ecosystems and sustainable agriculture. Liu et al. reveal that a single origin of RNS regulatory networks, followed by lineage-specific refinements ...
www.cell.com
February 2, 2026 at 5:55 PM
Reposted by Cell Host & Microbe
Chemical inhibition of a bacterial immune system

Small molecules inhibit type II Thoeris anti-phage systems from diverse bacteria. One compound, IP6C, improves phage-therapy against P. aeruginosa & is effective against Thoeris in polymicrobial communities
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Chemical inhibition of a bacterial immune system
Bacteriophages are promising alternatives to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. However, bacteria possess immune systems that neutralize bacteriophages. Zang et al. discover small molecule...
www.cell.com
January 30, 2026 at 5:20 PM
Protists shift bacterial interactions

Soil protist predation shifts bacterial metabolic interactions from competitive to cooperative. Protist-driven microbial cross-feeding enhances plant-beneficial functions
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Predation by soil protists shifts bacterial metabolism from competitive to cooperative interactions
Chen et al. demonstrate that soil protist predation shifts bacterial metabolic interactions from competitive to cooperative. Integrating large-scale surveys, metabolic modeling, and control experiment...
www.cell.com
January 30, 2026 at 5:13 PM
Reposted by Cell Host & Microbe
Predation by soil protists shifts bacterial metabolism from competitive to cooperative interactions

-in @cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social from Wu Xiong (Qirong Shen)
with Stefan Geisen, Alex Jousset

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Predation by soil protists shifts bacterial metabolism from competitive to cooperative interactions
Many soil protists are bacterivores, yet how protist predation reshapes bacterial metabolic interactions and functions remains poorly understood. Here…
www.sciencedirect.com
January 30, 2026 at 10:07 AM
Temporal rhythms govern coral-symbiont relationship

Changes in gene expression & microbiome of reef-building coral & algal symbionts through diel cycles. Dawn is time for host molecular activation, while microbes shift metabolic contributions between day/night
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Temporal transcriptional rhythms govern coral-symbiont function and microbiome dynamics
Weiler et al. track changes in gene expression and microbiome composition of a reef-building coral and its algal symbionts through diel cycles. Dawn is shown to be a critical time point for host molec...
www.cell.com
January 29, 2026 at 6:01 PM
Probiotics eradicate glioblastoma

E. coli Nissle locally produces bispecific engagers to recruit & instruct in situ-edited CAR macrophages. Microbe-guided CAR macrophages overcome glioblastoma antigenic heterogeneity & establish durable antitumor immune memory
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Engineered probiotics recruit CAR macrophages and establish immune memory to eradicate heterogeneous glioblastoma in mice
Zhang et al. report a synthetic host-microbe immune circuit in which probiotics locally produce bispecific engagers to recruit and instruct in situ-edited CAR macrophages. Macrophage-microbe crosstalk...
www.cell.com
January 29, 2026 at 5:48 PM
E. faecalis lactic acid suppresses macrophages

Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage NF-κB activation via MCT-1 & GPR81. This lactic-acid-driven immunosuppression promotes bacterial persistence & polymicrobial infection

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Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage activation to facilitate persistent and polymicrobial wound infections
da Silva et al. show that Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage NF-κB activation via MCT-1 and GPR81 signaling. This lactic-acid-driven immunosuppression promotes bacterial p...
www.cell.com
January 28, 2026 at 2:09 PM
Reposted by Cell Host & Microbe
Lactic acid lover? Check out @ronni.bsky.social 's new work in
@cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social showing how Enterococcus faecalis-derived LA suppresses macrophage activation, in turn promoting bacterial persistence and polymicrobial wound infection in vivo.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage activation to facilitate persistent and polymicrobial wound infections
Macrophage activation is essential for innate immunity and antimicrobial defense. We show that Enterococcus faecalis suppresses macrophage activation …
www.sciencedirect.com
January 27, 2026 at 7:11 PM
Dual-purpose switch for NLRP6

UBE2O-mediated mono-Ub of NLRP6 at K680–687 & K115–130 promotes inflammasome assembly & ensures cytoplasmic localization. UBE2O deficiency or mono-Ub-resistant NLRP6 mutations increase infection susceptibility
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
UBE2O-mediated monoubiquitination licenses NLRP6 inflammasome activation in the intestine
Wang et al. demonstrate that UBE2O-mediated monoubiquitination is a dual-purpose switch for NLRP6 activation. Site-specific monoubiquitination at K680–687 and K115–130 coordinately promotes inflammaso...
www.cell.com
January 27, 2026 at 6:36 PM
A small molecule with larger-than-expected effects on hepatitis B virus

Preview of recent work that developed a double-humanized chronic HBV murine model to test the capsid assembly modulator GLP-26. GLP-26 reduced HBV DNA & surface Ag and induced immunomodulation
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
A small molecule with larger-than-expected effects on hepatitis B virus
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects ∼250 million people worldwide. Functional cure is difficult to achieve with existing medications. In this issue, Fernandes et al. developed a double-humanized c...
www.cell.com
January 27, 2026 at 6:16 PM
Steps to curing chronic HBV:

Capsid assembly modulator depletes viremia while reducing hepatitis in chronic HBV-infected humanized mice. Treatment interruption induces functional immune responses & viral control, prompting seroconversion & functional cure
cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Functional immune responses induced by a capsid assembly modulator in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected humanized mice
Fernandes et al. report that in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected humanized mice, a capsid assembly modulator depletes viremia and viral antigens while reducing hepatitis. Post-treatment interruption...
cell.com
January 27, 2026 at 6:15 PM
CS: Host-microbiome dynamics abstract deadline extended to Feb 6.
Share your research with leading scientists exploring the ecology of the human microbiome, its influence on host physiology & its complex interactions with the immune system.
http://dlvr.it/TQVndt
January 22, 2026 at 5:31 PM
Maternal-infant bidirectional communication

Infant gut microbiomes are linked to maternal gut & milk factors in time-specific manner. Early gut profiles predict later milk composition, suggesting potential bidirectional communication within the mother-infant dyad
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Time-specific bidirectional links between the maternal microbiome, milk composition, and infant gut microbiota
Deng et al. show that infant gut microbiomes are linked to maternal gut and milk factors in a time-specific manner. Early gut profiles also predict later milk composition, suggesting potential bidirec...
www.cell.com
January 20, 2026 at 5:38 PM
Bacteria’s babysitter role: Indole-driven immune truce in the womb
Preview of @cp-cell.bsky.social work showing maternal microbiota, specifically tryptophan derivatives produced by commensals, promote maternal tolerance of the fetus to improve pregnancy outcomes.

www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Bacteria’s babysitter role: Indole-driven immune truce in the womb
Maternal immune tolerance of the fetus is critical to a successful pregnancy. In this month’s issue of Cell, Brown et al. showed that the maternal microbiota, specifically tryptophan derivatives produ...
www.cell.com
January 20, 2026 at 5:22 PM
lncRNA induces trained immunity against TB:

Exosomal lncRNA TRCR1 derived from Mtb resisters induces trained immunity via CLOCK-mediated epigenetic reprogramming. Mycobacterial MPT53 induces release of TRCR1+ exosomes. TRCR1 boosts immunity & BCG efficacy
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
A CLOCK-targeting lncRNA induces trained immunity against tuberculosis
Yu et al. discover that TRCR1, a tuberculosis resister-derived exosomal lncRNA, induces trained immunity via CLOCK-mediated epigenetic reprogramming. They show that mycobacterial protein MPT53 prompts...
www.cell.com
January 16, 2026 at 7:34 PM
METTL9 tests Candida’s mettle by limiting metal acquisition

Highlight of new findings showing intestinal epithelial cells secrete anti-zincophore protein, METTL9, that limits fungal access to essential zinc, thereby diminishing colonization & growth
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
METTL9 tests Candida’s mettle by limiting metal acquisition
The gut mucosal immune system orchestrates diverse defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bao and Yang et al. demonstrate that intestinal epithelial cells s...
www.cell.com
January 16, 2026 at 7:30 PM
METTL9, a cross-kingdom antifungal effector

Intestinal epithelial cells secrete histidine methyltransferase, METTL9, that methylates fungal zincophore PRA1, disrupting zinc acquisition & limiting Candida albicans colonization and dissemination
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
A gut-secreted histidine methyltransferase enforces cross-kingdom catalytic antifungal defense
Bao et al. reveal that intestinal epithelial cells secrete METTL9, a histidine methyltransferase acting as a cross-kingdom antifungal effector. By methylating the fungal zincophore PRA1, METTL9 disrup...
www.cell.com
January 16, 2026 at 7:29 PM
Last chance to submit your abstract for
@CellSymposia
#CSMicrobiome2026! Bruges, Belgium | May 10–12, 2026 Join global leaders in microbiome and host interaction science.
hubs.li/Q03-KLf_0
January 16, 2026 at 2:34 PM
Viral theft of light

Preview of @Nature work revealing how cyanophages use a viral nblA gene to accelerate infection by degrading the photosynthetic machinery of marine cyanobacteria.
www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
Viral theft of light: A cyanophage protein dismantles cyanobacterial photosynthesis to accelerate infection
Auxiliary metabolic genes, acquired by cyanobacterial viruses (cyanophages) from their hosts, are thought to manipulate host metabolism during infection. A recent study by Nadel et al. performed in vi...
www.cell.com
January 15, 2026 at 5:06 PM