Jesse Rothstein
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jrothst.bsky.social
Jesse Rothstein
@jrothst.bsky.social

Economist, public policy wonk, professor at UC Berkeley, faculty director of California Policy Lab & Center for Studies in Higher Education

Jesse Rothstein is an economist, and currently professor of public policy and economics at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2010, he was chief economist at the US Department of Labor. He is the founding director of the California Policy Lab, a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and is a member of the editorial boards of Education Finance and Policy, The Review of Economics and Statistics, American Economic Review, and Industrial Relations. .. more

Education 35%
Economics 31%

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

@jrothst.bsky.social makes excellent points & language is important. I'm estimating "full employment" ~given~ cruel immigration policy. To measure slack, Fed compares actual labor mkt to estimate of current "full emp" (also dicey language as that estimate generally means UR is high for some groups).

Final note: Of course, this all presumes we know what employment growth has been. We don’t. The Republican failure to pass a budget means that the data aren’t being collected or reported. That makes it much harder to ensure that policy matches to conditions. The Fed can only go on vibes. 7/7

So yes, the Fed should take account of this, and not interpret job growth in the low 5 digits as a sign of a catastrophic collapse in demand. But it is nevertheless bad, not good, news and a sign of policy that is not only illegal and inhumane but also bad economics.

That is, the slowdown in job growth consistent with full employment is direct evidence that immigrants take jobs that otherwise wouldn’t exist in this country, not jobs that natives would otherwise get. And that our (lawless, inhumane) immigration policy is making us all poorer.

To the extent there is an economic justification for the immigration crackdown, it has to be that immigrants take jobs that would otherwise be held by native workers. The evidence has long made clear that isn’t true. But if it were, a reduction in immigration wouldn’t reduce employment growth.

But the low employment growth is not good - it is bad. It means that our economy isn’t growing as fast as it otherwise would, and we aren’t getting wealthier the way we otherwise would. It is a sign that the administration’s (lawless, inhumane) immigration policies are making us all poorer.

@wendyedelberg.bsky.social is (of course) right that we need to recalibrate expectations of what employment growth we can expect in an economy where demand matches supply. If the Fed tried to maintain previous employment growth via monetary policy, it would just create inflation.

This is a good thread. But I want to take exception to the naming of low unemployment and low employment growth as “good.” A thread of my own: 1/7
There's a lot of uncertainty about whether the labor market is healthy. Everyone agrees the unemployment rate is low—that's good. But there's disagreement on what good employment growth looks like right now, stemming from wild swings in population due to immigration policy. 🧵of 5

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

There's a lot of uncertainty about whether the labor market is healthy. Everyone agrees the unemployment rate is low—that's good. But there's disagreement on what good employment growth looks like right now, stemming from wild swings in population due to immigration policy. 🧵of 5

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

More than 330,000 low-income college students in California use #CalFresh to help pay for their groceries. But they may not receive their benefits in November because of the government shutdown. capolicylab.org/news/analysi... #CaLeg

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

The California Policy Lab is hiring a Researcher/Senior Researcher, focused on health & safety net in California: capolicylab.org/careers/rese...

I'd caution against over-relying on that skepticism. That (people find jobs elsewhere) is usually what happens in response to technical change, so I think we should require evidence before concluding that it isn't happening this time.

Interesting - thanks. That does seem like it is cutting things pretty finely. And on top of that, if COVID had any impact on time-to-degree, that would also show up in EPOPs at those ages.

They do have one graph, their Figure 4, showing total headcounts. But it isn't normalized for population (baby booms and busts do funny things to headcounts by narrow age group), and is based only on a subset of ADP data. I'd like to see more evidence in support. Is there any?

This is what I am referring to in my second paragraph: They show evidence for specific occupations. That I can believe. But people seem to be jumping from that to "it is a bad time to be a young worker looking for work," and that I'm not seeing.

Part of what? My point is that there isn't much evidence that hiring has been held off on, regardless of whether AI is the cause or not. Or at least I haven't seen it.

The third graph as an image:

The second graph as an image:

The graph as an image:

Reposted by Kevin Carey

What evidence am I missing that AI is having broader impacts on young people's access to jobs - or even that *anything* unusual is impacting that?

This graph focuses on college grads (only back to 2000). Again, the young people series is always higher. The gap always grows in (a) recessions and (b) summer. The most recent data point is Aug. 2025 (thanks, Republican shutdown!), and seems right on trend.
fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgr...
fred.stlouisfed.org

This adds the UR for the full labor force, age 20+.
fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgr...
The increase in the relative unemployment rate of the younger group is small compared to the permanent age difference. And the gap always grows in recessions. Was AI affecting the labor market in 1955?
fred.stlouisfed.org

Here's a graph that was shared with me, showing a small rise in unemployment among 16-24 year olds.
fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgr...
fred.stlouisfed.org

Reposted by Kevin Carey

Is there anything more than vibes to the idea that unemployment is up among the young, due to AI?

Yes, I am aware that there evidence of impacts in specific occupations like software development. I'm interested in the claim that there's been a change in aggregates.

#econsky

Reposted by Jesse Rothstein

So excited to be working with @jrothst.bsky.social and the amazing program committee to make this year's SoLE annual meeting the best ever-don't forget to submit your paper so you can join us there!

www.sole-jole.org/2026-program...
@chrishayesg.bsky.social's column is simply correct: What candidates need now is charisma and the ability to get people's attention. Not ideal policies, not tons of rich friends.

I think he may underplay the ability of Fox/X/right-wing actors to make gaffes stick to Democrats, but he's still right.
Opinion | Chris Hayes: The Democrats’ Main Problem Isn’t Their Message
www.nytimes.com

Not just delays. As I understand it, the scheduled surveys (CPS, CES) aren’t collected during a shutdown. So if this goes on another week or two, I don’t see how we will *ever* get an October jobs report.

Reposted by Joshua Goodman

Reminder!
Society of Labor Economists (SoLE) Annual Conference will be May 1-2, 2026 in Denver, Colorado. Submission portal is now open! Deadline for submissions is October 31--don't forget to submit! It will be a great conference! (organized by me and @jrothst.bsky.social)

mailchi.mp/sole-jole/so...
SOLE 2026 Submissions Open
mailchi.mp
Come join us at the @capolicylab.bsky.social as our new policy director in Sacramento!
Please share with your networks: The California Policy Lab is hiring a policy director to amplify our policy impact in Sacramento. We're looking for a seasoned policy professional with deep experience in California state government. First review date is Oct. 10th: capolicylab.org/careers/poli...