Europe’s slower growth masks a key fact: EU living standards are almost on par with the US, sustained by life expectancy and equality.

Inflation und steigende Kosten zwingen die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft zum Sparen. Die Mittelaufwüchse kompensierten die Preissteigerungen nicht.

Abstract. Plastids and mitochondria are key to plant survival and adaptation. The evolutionary progress of land plants (embryophytes) witnessed gene and ge

Plant ERAD machinery governs the turnover of auxin transporters involved in developmental and stress responses.

The nucleus coordinates many different processes. Visualizing how these are spatially organized requires imaging protein complexes, epigenetic marks, and DNA across scales from single molecules to the whole nucleus. To accomplish this, we develop a multiplexed imaging protocol to localize 13 different nuclear targets with nanometer precision. Within single cells, we show that nuclear specification into active and repressive states exists along a spectrum of length scales, emerging below one micron and becoming strengthened at the nanoscale with unique organizational principles in both heterochromatin and euchromatin. HP1α was positively correlated with DNA at the microscale but uncorrelated at the nanoscale. RNA Polymerase II, p300, and CDK9 were positively correlated at the microscale but became partitioned below 300 nm. Perturbing histone acetylation or transcription disrupted nanoscale organization but had less effect at the microscale. We envision that our imaging and analysis pipe