Recent research advances have precipitated the era of personality genomics: the study of how variation in human DNA sequence predicts individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, fee...

Philosophy and the Mind Sciences (PhiMiSci) focuses on the interface between philosophy of mind, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. PhiMiSci is a peer-reviewed, not-for-profit open-access journal...

Visual information in our everyday environment is anchored to an allocentric reference frame – a tall building remains upright even when you tilt your head, which changes the projection of the building on your retina from a vertical to a diagonal orientation. Does retinotopic cortex represent visual information in an allocentric or retinocentric reference frame? Here, we investigate which reference frame the brain uses by dissociating allocentric and retinocentric reference frames via a head tilt manipulation combined with electroencephalography (EEG). Nineteen participants completed between 1728–2880 trials during which they briefly viewed (150 ms) and then remembered (1500 ms) a randomly oriented target grating. In interleaved blocks of trials, the participant’s head was either kept upright, or tilted by 45º using a custom rotating chinrest. The target orientation could be decoded throughout the trial (using both voltage and alpha-band signals) when training and testing within head-upright blocks, and within head-tilted blocks. Importantly, we directly addressed the question of reference frames via cross-generalized decoding: If target orientations are represented in a retinocentric reference frame, a decoder trained on head-upright trials would predict a 45º offset in decoded orientation when tested on head-tilted trials (after all, a vertical building becomes diagonal on the retina after head tilt). Conversely, if target representations are allocentric and anchored to the real world, no such offset should be observed. Our analyses reveal that from the earliest stages of perceptual processing all the way throughout the delay, orientations are represented in between an allocentric and retinocentric reference frame. These results align with previous findings from physiology studies in non-human primates, and are the first to demonstrate that the human brain does not rely on a purely allocentric or retinocentric reference frame when representing visual information. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NIH Common Fund, https://ror.org/001d55x84, NEI R01-EY025872, NIMH R01-MH087214

Gender and anxiety reveal distinct computational sources of underconfidence - Volume 56

Women and people with anxiety are both prone to low confidence in their own abilities, but a new study by UCL researchers has found that the two groups are prone to two distinct types of underconfiden...

In this issue of Neuron, Han et al. leverage a change-identification working memory task coupled with electrophysiological recordings in the macaque frontal eye field to show that information retrieva...

Dillon Plunkett & Jorge Morales (2025) Psychological Science

Conscious awareness refers to the subjective experience of perceiving, thinking, and feeling and the ability to report these experiences. These per...

YouTube video by Michigan Medicine