Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 05 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01134-zThe gut virome is a complex ecosystem and has a critical role in human health. This Review outlines gut virome composition and functional relevance, and its role in human health and disease. Methodological challenges in advancing our knowledge of the gut virome are also discussed.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 22 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01118-zThis Review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in hepatic immune responses, explores their dual function in liver immunoprotection and immunopathology, and discusses their therapeutic potential.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 18 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01117-0Diet modulates not only gastrointestinal cancer risk but also survivorship, providing an opportunity to improve cancer-related outcomes and quality of life through suitable dietary and lifestyle interventions in survivors of cancer. This Comment summarizes the evidence and ongoing trials investigating diet in gastrointestinal cancer survival, including potential underlying mechanisms and future research directions.

In this Review, Marques and colleagues discuss the evidence regarding the effects of parental diet on the health of offspring, with a focus on how changes to the gut microbiome alter epigenomic respon...

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 31 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01100-9Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool that could be applied to microbiome research. This Perspective discusses best practices and current limitations with the application of AI in microbiome data research, giving insights into future use and practical advice and recommendations on its use.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology - In the USA, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death and a public health challenge due to persisting disparities between Black and...

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 21 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01087-3In the USA, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death and a public health challenge due to persisting disparities between Black and White individuals. This Review examines Black–White disparities in CRC outcomes, bringing health-care and systemic inequities into focus.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 18 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01097-1The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is shifting as countries transition through four epidemiologic stages. This Perspective explores the global evolution of IBD over the next 20 years and proposes strategies for prevention and health-care innovation.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 02 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01092-6In humans, pH varies across the gastrointestinal tract. This Review provides an overview of gastrointestinal pH and its role in shaping the gut microbiota, highlighting major physiological and dietary factors that influence gastrointestinal pH and how in turn pH affects microbiota composition and metabolism in health and, potentially, disease.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology - This Perspective article provides a detailed overview of the oesophagus as an immune organ, highlighting its innate immune components and sensing...

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 19 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01093-5Liver xenotransplantation and genetically engineered pig livers have potential to save human lives. Liver xenotransplants can either act as a bridge to allotransplantation or support the recovery and regeneration of a whole or reduced native liver in acute liver failure and in major hepatectomies through ex vivo perfusion or auxiliary liver xenotransplantation.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Published online: 18 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01086-4This Perspective article provides a detailed overview of the oesophagus as an immune organ, highlighting its innate immune components and sensing mechanisms that maintain homeostasis and barrier integrity while responding to antigenic and biophysical challenges.