Nature Reviews Genetics - De novo gene evolution entails the birth of new genes from previously non-coding DNA. In this Review, Bornberg-Bauer and Eicholt overview how protein-coding de novo genes...

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Ancestrally non-genic sequences are now widely recognized as potential reservoirs for the de novo emergence of new genes. Across clades, some de novo genes were proven to have substantial phenotypic effects, and to contribute to the emergence of novel biological functions. Yet, still very little is known about the starting material from which de novo genes emerge, especially in plants. To fill this gap, we generated Ribosome Profiling data from the closely related species Arabidopsis halleri, A. lyrata and A. thaliana and characterized genome-wide patterns of translation across them. Synteny analysis revealed 211 Open Reading Frames (ORFs) that have emerged de novo within the Arabidopsis genus and already exhibit signs of active translation. Most of these de novo translated ORFs were species- and even accession-specific, indicating their transient nature, with patterns of polymorphism consistent with neutral evolution in natural populations. They were also significantly shorter and less expressed than conserved Coding DNA Sequences (CDS), and their GC content increased with phylogenetic conservation. While most of them were located in intergenic regions and are thus newly discovered, 34 were previously annotated as CDS in at least one genome, and are promising putative genes. Our results demonstrate the abundance of translation events outside of conserved CDS, and their role as starting material for the emergence of novel genes in plants. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Université de Lille, https://ror.org/0546v5182

Abstract. The recent Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Satellite Meeting on De Novo Gene Birth, hosted at Texas A&M University on November 6

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Abstract. The current economics of scientific publishing reveal a profound imbalance: academia pays prices far exceeding the actual costs of publication. R

Abstract. The current economics of scientific publishing reveal a profound imbalance: academia pays prices far exceeding the actual costs of publication. R

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The nature of standing genetic variation remains a central debate in population genetics, with differing perspectives on whether common variants are almost always neutral as suggested by neutral and n...

Speciation, the process by which new reproductively isolated species emerge from ancestral populations, results from the gradual accumulation of barriers to gene flow within genomes. To date, the noti...