Post Normal Times
@barinemiliano.bsky.social
Electricity markets⚡📈
Decarbonisation🌍🔌
Nuclear deployment ⚛️
Renewables' integration ♻️
Occasionally: unwarranted societal commentary🏙️ movies & series posting🎬
https://postnormaltimes.substack.com
https://chalk-spectrum-b6f.notion.site/52bd5bca66554088bc3e
Decarbonisation🌍🔌
Nuclear deployment ⚛️
Renewables' integration ♻️
Occasionally: unwarranted societal commentary🏙️ movies & series posting🎬
https://postnormaltimes.substack.com
https://chalk-spectrum-b6f.notion.site/52bd5bca66554088bc3e
Pinned
it's a somewhat unfair comparison due to differing political and regulatory dynamics, but it's always stuck with me that nuclear power is one of the only industries to empirically exhibit a *negative* learning curve
🧵⚛️ECONOMICS COMPENDIUM
Because uncommon, delivering a project within ±20% budget & schedule is the main obstacle the nuclear industry faces to spur new constructions
However, furthering the analysis wrt past vs recent, causes/drivers and reactor designs results in different conclusions
#EnergySky 🔌💡
Because uncommon, delivering a project within ±20% budget & schedule is the main obstacle the nuclear industry faces to spur new constructions
However, furthering the analysis wrt past vs recent, causes/drivers and reactor designs results in different conclusions
#EnergySky 🔌💡
🔌💡 RENEWABLES OR NUCLEAR?
This recent @montelnews.bsky.social article rekindled the flames of the everlasting debate about their compatibility and what a decarbonized electricity grid will be like
Debunking of common misconceptions, analysis of market data and relevant research; to read in full ⬇️
This recent @montelnews.bsky.social article rekindled the flames of the everlasting debate about their compatibility and what a decarbonized electricity grid will be like
Debunking of common misconceptions, analysis of market data and relevant research; to read in full ⬇️
August 26, 2025 at 7:44 AM
🔌💡 RENEWABLES OR NUCLEAR?
This recent @montelnews.bsky.social article rekindled the flames of the everlasting debate about their compatibility and what a decarbonized electricity grid will be like
Debunking of common misconceptions, analysis of market data and relevant research; to read in full ⬇️
This recent @montelnews.bsky.social article rekindled the flames of the everlasting debate about their compatibility and what a decarbonized electricity grid will be like
Debunking of common misconceptions, analysis of market data and relevant research; to read in full ⬇️
Reposted by Post Normal Times
Ok so, had some time to read the Red Electrica report on the Iberian blackout and now I have a little time for some posts - due to the format and word count issue I'm gonna skip a lot, I'll link a longer form summary I like after. So, uh, 🧵I guess 🔌💡
July 1, 2025 at 7:04 PM
Ok so, had some time to read the Red Electrica report on the Iberian blackout and now I have a little time for some posts - due to the format and word count issue I'm gonna skip a lot, I'll link a longer form summary I like after. So, uh, 🧵I guess 🔌💡
Is nuclear unsuited to decarbonize the last 5-10%? Such arguments often:
1) underplay VRE's short-run marginal cost dispatch thresholds
2) misunderstand integration with other resources (not just addition onto the system)
3) understate trade-offs wrt enabling infra (grid AND molecules)
#EnergySky 🔌💡
1) underplay VRE's short-run marginal cost dispatch thresholds
2) misunderstand integration with other resources (not just addition onto the system)
3) understate trade-offs wrt enabling infra (grid AND molecules)
#EnergySky 🔌💡
June 27, 2025 at 9:57 AM
Is nuclear unsuited to decarbonize the last 5-10%? Such arguments often:
1) underplay VRE's short-run marginal cost dispatch thresholds
2) misunderstand integration with other resources (not just addition onto the system)
3) understate trade-offs wrt enabling infra (grid AND molecules)
#EnergySky 🔌💡
1) underplay VRE's short-run marginal cost dispatch thresholds
2) misunderstand integration with other resources (not just addition onto the system)
3) understate trade-offs wrt enabling infra (grid AND molecules)
#EnergySky 🔌💡
🔌💡 IBERIAN BLACKOUT
Since April 28th, some commentators have scrambled to present dubious explanations (inertia, ties with 🇫🇷, etc); after last week's gov & TSO reports, specific conclusions can be drawn and unknown aspects highlighted
Full essay below ⬇️ #EnergySky
open.substack.com/pub/postnorm...
Since April 28th, some commentators have scrambled to present dubious explanations (inertia, ties with 🇫🇷, etc); after last week's gov & TSO reports, specific conclusions can be drawn and unknown aspects highlighted
Full essay below ⬇️ #EnergySky
open.substack.com/pub/postnorm...
Iberian Blackout: root-cause & culpability
How the combined effect of an unexpected event, grid operational dynamics, several non-compliances and not-up-to-date regulations led to system failure
open.substack.com
June 25, 2025 at 12:25 PM
🔌💡 IBERIAN BLACKOUT
Since April 28th, some commentators have scrambled to present dubious explanations (inertia, ties with 🇫🇷, etc); after last week's gov & TSO reports, specific conclusions can be drawn and unknown aspects highlighted
Full essay below ⬇️ #EnergySky
open.substack.com/pub/postnorm...
Since April 28th, some commentators have scrambled to present dubious explanations (inertia, ties with 🇫🇷, etc); after last week's gov & TSO reports, specific conclusions can be drawn and unknown aspects highlighted
Full essay below ⬇️ #EnergySky
open.substack.com/pub/postnorm...
Chronological summary & recap of main system variations leading up to & during the Iberian blackout
For more clarifications, we'll need to wait for the upcoming ENTSO-E investigation's report, but a clearer picture is starting to take form as more data & information become available
#EnergySky 🔌💡
For more clarifications, we'll need to wait for the upcoming ENTSO-E investigation's report, but a clearer picture is starting to take form as more data & information become available
#EnergySky 🔌💡
June 18, 2025 at 3:23 PM
Chronological summary & recap of main system variations leading up to & during the Iberian blackout
For more clarifications, we'll need to wait for the upcoming ENTSO-E investigation's report, but a clearer picture is starting to take form as more data & information become available
#EnergySky 🔌💡
For more clarifications, we'll need to wait for the upcoming ENTSO-E investigation's report, but a clearer picture is starting to take form as more data & information become available
#EnergySky 🔌💡
Update from 🇪🇸 National Security Council #EnergySky
- the first (and bigger) atypical voltage oscillation linked to anomaly in PV farm behaviour
- effect worsened by % of networks not responding in accordance with power factor & load-shedding measures (further discharging lines and > reactive input)
- the first (and bigger) atypical voltage oscillation linked to anomaly in PV farm behaviour
- effect worsened by % of networks not responding in accordance with power factor & load-shedding measures (further discharging lines and > reactive input)
Latest update from ENTSO-E regarding the Iberian peninsula blackout, with a more detailed chronology & an ad hoc webpage, which will be updated and modified with new info
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
June 18, 2025 at 9:21 AM
Update from 🇪🇸 National Security Council #EnergySky
- the first (and bigger) atypical voltage oscillation linked to anomaly in PV farm behaviour
- effect worsened by % of networks not responding in accordance with power factor & load-shedding measures (further discharging lines and > reactive input)
- the first (and bigger) atypical voltage oscillation linked to anomaly in PV farm behaviour
- effect worsened by % of networks not responding in accordance with power factor & load-shedding measures (further discharging lines and > reactive input)
Electricity markets nerds and professionals, any visualizations you'd like to be built or reproduced? Already completed a couple of interest to me, looking for suggestions
Thanks to @intermittent.energy for creating and giving me access to an incredibly detailed open-source database
#EnergySky 🔌💡
Thanks to @intermittent.energy for creating and giving me access to an incredibly detailed open-source database
#EnergySky 🔌💡
June 9, 2025 at 6:52 AM
Electricity markets nerds and professionals, any visualizations you'd like to be built or reproduced? Already completed a couple of interest to me, looking for suggestions
Thanks to @intermittent.energy for creating and giving me access to an incredibly detailed open-source database
#EnergySky 🔌💡
Thanks to @intermittent.energy for creating and giving me access to an incredibly detailed open-source database
#EnergySky 🔌💡
Latest update from ENTSO-E regarding the Iberian peninsula blackout, with a more detailed chronology & an ad hoc webpage, which will be updated and modified with new info
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
June 7, 2025 at 1:11 PM
Latest update from ENTSO-E regarding the Iberian peninsula blackout, with a more detailed chronology & an ad hoc webpage, which will be updated and modified with new info
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
Final report with comprehensive analysis and recommendations in the upcoming months #EnergySky 🔌💡
www.entsoe.eu/publications...
Reposted by Post Normal Times
Supposing it were true that we can’t get buildouts below 10 years, we’d still want to invest in nuclear. We’re gonna need clean firm well into the future. Diversity on the grid is important too.
Also arguing against nuclear on time value of money grounds ignores more patient public capital.
Also arguing against nuclear on time value of money grounds ignores more patient public capital.
Nuclear power’s long lead times are ultimately what disqualify it as a climate solution. Scientists emphasize that humanity must slash greenhouse gas emissions starting now, not a decade from now.
The False Promise of Nuclear Power
A new book by Joe Romm explains why nuclear is not much of a climate solution.
www.thenation.com
May 30, 2025 at 5:35 AM
Supposing it were true that we can’t get buildouts below 10 years, we’d still want to invest in nuclear. We’re gonna need clean firm well into the future. Diversity on the grid is important too.
Also arguing against nuclear on time value of money grounds ignores more patient public capital.
Also arguing against nuclear on time value of money grounds ignores more patient public capital.
Reposted by Post Normal Times
Local reporting on state officials' remarks has suggested River Bend nuclear power plant "tripped" forcing controlled blackouts in New Orleans on 5/25.
Likely inaccurate! NRC documents + grid data show River Bend made a routine shutdown days earlier to check a backup feedwater system leak.
Likely inaccurate! NRC documents + grid data show River Bend made a routine shutdown days earlier to check a backup feedwater system leak.
May 27, 2025 at 3:56 PM
Local reporting on state officials' remarks has suggested River Bend nuclear power plant "tripped" forcing controlled blackouts in New Orleans on 5/25.
Likely inaccurate! NRC documents + grid data show River Bend made a routine shutdown days earlier to check a backup feedwater system leak.
Likely inaccurate! NRC documents + grid data show River Bend made a routine shutdown days earlier to check a backup feedwater system leak.
Reposted by Post Normal Times
No grid operators need a fuckload more visibility then they have into what is happening today
and then let's add a ton more yes
and then let's add a ton more yes
May 14, 2025 at 11:35 AM
No grid operators need a fuckload more visibility then they have into what is happening today
and then let's add a ton more yes
and then let's add a ton more yes
Update from Spain's Energy Minister: initial loss in power generation (2.2GW) began in Granada, followed by failures at substations in Seville and Badajoz
Investigators seem to have ruled out an imbalance in supply & demand or insufficient grid capacity
#EnergySky 🔌💡
www.reuters.com/business/ene...
Investigators seem to have ruled out an imbalance in supply & demand or insufficient grid capacity
#EnergySky 🔌💡
www.reuters.com/business/ene...
May 14, 2025 at 11:09 AM
Update from Spain's Energy Minister: initial loss in power generation (2.2GW) began in Granada, followed by failures at substations in Seville and Badajoz
Investigators seem to have ruled out an imbalance in supply & demand or insufficient grid capacity
#EnergySky 🔌💡
www.reuters.com/business/ene...
Investigators seem to have ruled out an imbalance in supply & demand or insufficient grid capacity
#EnergySky 🔌💡
www.reuters.com/business/ene...
ENTSO-E provides a preliminary chronology on the Iberian blackout. Interesting to note:
- oscillations preceded the incident
- regarding first loss of gen, no trips observed in Portugal and France
- Portuguese plants with black start capability had unsuccessful attempts
www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05...
- oscillations preceded the incident
- regarding first loss of gen, no trips observed in Portugal and France
- Portuguese plants with black start capability had unsuccessful attempts
www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05...
May 10, 2025 at 9:15 AM
ENTSO-E provides a preliminary chronology on the Iberian blackout. Interesting to note:
- oscillations preceded the incident
- regarding first loss of gen, no trips observed in Portugal and France
- Portuguese plants with black start capability had unsuccessful attempts
www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05...
- oscillations preceded the incident
- regarding first loss of gen, no trips observed in Portugal and France
- Portuguese plants with black start capability had unsuccessful attempts
www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05...
Reposted by Post Normal Times
Ketan mocks the inertia chatter re: the Spain outage while misunderstanding inertia.
Inertia doesn’t scale with generation output but rather with spinning generator mass. Spain had 4 reactors online, 2 at 70% power, providing inertia equivalent to 4 reactors at full power! More thoughts below.🧵
Inertia doesn’t scale with generation output but rather with spinning generator mass. Spain had 4 reactors online, 2 at 70% power, providing inertia equivalent to 4 reactors at full power! More thoughts below.🧵
One week on from Spain's blackout - and media outlets can talk about is solar power. So I decided to look into Spain's nuclear fleet, and discovered that in April, it was operating at its lowest levels in ten years
Why? Here's a hefty piece digging into that, for you:
ketanjoshi.co/2025/05/05/w...
Why? Here's a hefty piece digging into that, for you:
ketanjoshi.co/2025/05/05/w...
May 7, 2025 at 2:58 PM
Ketan mocks the inertia chatter re: the Spain outage while misunderstanding inertia.
Inertia doesn’t scale with generation output but rather with spinning generator mass. Spain had 4 reactors online, 2 at 70% power, providing inertia equivalent to 4 reactors at full power! More thoughts below.🧵
Inertia doesn’t scale with generation output but rather with spinning generator mass. Spain had 4 reactors online, 2 at 70% power, providing inertia equivalent to 4 reactors at full power! More thoughts below.🧵
Reposted by Post Normal Times
On 27 April China's State Council approved 10 new reactors,
marking the fourth year in a row with at least 10 new approvals.
The new reactors are expected to cost 200 billion yuan and will be deployed at 5 sites
www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
marking the fourth year in a row with at least 10 new approvals.
The new reactors are expected to cost 200 billion yuan and will be deployed at 5 sites
www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
China Approves 10 New Reactors in Nuclear Power Ramp-Up
China’s State Council approved 10 new reactors on Sunday in a vote of confidence for nuclear power to remain central to the nation’s clean energy transition.
www.bloomberg.com
April 28, 2025 at 5:39 AM
On 27 April China's State Council approved 10 new reactors,
marking the fourth year in a row with at least 10 new approvals.
The new reactors are expected to cost 200 billion yuan and will be deployed at 5 sites
www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
marking the fourth year in a row with at least 10 new approvals.
The new reactors are expected to cost 200 billion yuan and will be deployed at 5 sites
www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
Reposted by Post Normal Times
New working paper, "Operational Uncertainty and the Missing Money." Here we argue that competitive electricity markets probably overcompensate peaking resources relative to those whose production is spread over more hours of the year (e.g., nuclear and hydro) papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
Operational Uncertainty and the Missing Money Problem
This study investigates how algorithmic choices in power system operations affect the total compensation available to different technologies participating in wh
papers.ssrn.com
April 3, 2025 at 6:01 PM
New working paper, "Operational Uncertainty and the Missing Money." Here we argue that competitive electricity markets probably overcompensate peaking resources relative to those whose production is spread over more hours of the year (e.g., nuclear and hydro) papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
Reposted by Post Normal Times
It is both true:
1) Fossil fuels made possible unprecedented human prosperity during the last 150 years.
2) Their byproducts are harmful.
We've reached a level where we can replace fossil fuels and still ensure human well-being, but some prefer to keep polluting.
www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/c...
1) Fossil fuels made possible unprecedented human prosperity during the last 150 years.
2) Their byproducts are harmful.
We've reached a level where we can replace fossil fuels and still ensure human well-being, but some prefer to keep polluting.
www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/c...
March 11, 2025 at 10:07 AM
It is both true:
1) Fossil fuels made possible unprecedented human prosperity during the last 150 years.
2) Their byproducts are harmful.
We've reached a level where we can replace fossil fuels and still ensure human well-being, but some prefer to keep polluting.
www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/c...
1) Fossil fuels made possible unprecedented human prosperity during the last 150 years.
2) Their byproducts are harmful.
We've reached a level where we can replace fossil fuels and still ensure human well-being, but some prefer to keep polluting.
www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/c...
Reposted by Post Normal Times
My first story for @canarymedia.com -- on Holtec's plans to make history twice by restarting the Palisades nuclear plant and expanding it with the nation's first SMRs -- is up and leading the site. Very cool.
February 25, 2025 at 9:41 PM
My first story for @canarymedia.com -- on Holtec's plans to make history twice by restarting the Palisades nuclear plant and expanding it with the nation's first SMRs -- is up and leading the site. Very cool.
Reposted by Post Normal Times
Investments in US clean energy manufacturing and supply chains have been mixed since 1/20/25.
My research students at @wellesley.edu and I are tracking it.
Here is what has progressed and what has slowed in wind, solar, EV, and battery sectors after Trump 2.0 + 1 month.
1/4
#energysky
My research students at @wellesley.edu and I are tracking it.
Here is what has progressed and what has slowed in wind, solar, EV, and battery sectors after Trump 2.0 + 1 month.
1/4
#energysky
February 20, 2025 at 2:31 PM
Investments in US clean energy manufacturing and supply chains have been mixed since 1/20/25.
My research students at @wellesley.edu and I are tracking it.
Here is what has progressed and what has slowed in wind, solar, EV, and battery sectors after Trump 2.0 + 1 month.
1/4
#energysky
My research students at @wellesley.edu and I are tracking it.
Here is what has progressed and what has slowed in wind, solar, EV, and battery sectors after Trump 2.0 + 1 month.
1/4
#energysky
🧵 DOES 24/7 ☀️ OBVIATE THE NEED FOR FIRM CAPACITY?
The upcoming Abu Dhabi project has sparked much interest, from the claim of baseload power to the relatively low costs to achieve it: what does this mean for system planning, capacity expansion, and grid augmentations? Let’s dive in!
#EnergySky 🔌💡
The upcoming Abu Dhabi project has sparked much interest, from the claim of baseload power to the relatively low costs to achieve it: what does this mean for system planning, capacity expansion, and grid augmentations? Let’s dive in!
#EnergySky 🔌💡
The world’s largest solar + storage project will deliver power 24/7
The world’s largest solar + storage project will deliver power 24/7
The United Arab Emirates is building the world’s largest solar and battery storage project that will dispatch clean energy 24/7.
more…
electrek.co
February 19, 2025 at 4:49 PM
🧵 DOES 24/7 ☀️ OBVIATE THE NEED FOR FIRM CAPACITY?
The upcoming Abu Dhabi project has sparked much interest, from the claim of baseload power to the relatively low costs to achieve it: what does this mean for system planning, capacity expansion, and grid augmentations? Let’s dive in!
#EnergySky 🔌💡
The upcoming Abu Dhabi project has sparked much interest, from the claim of baseload power to the relatively low costs to achieve it: what does this mean for system planning, capacity expansion, and grid augmentations? Let’s dive in!
#EnergySky 🔌💡
NEPA regulations are likely out the door...what does this mean for low-carbon energy deployment? Two articles have recently made me rethink my stance on the issue, although I'd like to know what other stakeholders are wondering #EnergySky
ifp.org/potus-ceq-ne...
www.greentape.pub/p/the-permit...
ifp.org/potus-ceq-ne...
www.greentape.pub/p/the-permit...
February 17, 2025 at 9:45 PM
NEPA regulations are likely out the door...what does this mean for low-carbon energy deployment? Two articles have recently made me rethink my stance on the issue, although I'd like to know what other stakeholders are wondering #EnergySky
ifp.org/potus-ceq-ne...
www.greentape.pub/p/the-permit...
ifp.org/potus-ceq-ne...
www.greentape.pub/p/the-permit...
Reposted by Post Normal Times
@tylernol4thepain.bsky.social has asked me to write a thread elaborating on some comments I had made to him about the paper via DM to further the discussion on this topic and to bring up some extra nuances that to his credit he put into the introduction of his paper:
February 17, 2025 at 4:03 AM
@tylernol4thepain.bsky.social has asked me to write a thread elaborating on some comments I had made to him about the paper via DM to further the discussion on this topic and to bring up some extra nuances that to his credit he put into the introduction of his paper:
The annual update to IEA's electricity market report highlights rapid and resurging demand growth across many regions in the next couple of years, boosting consumption to record levels: our global economy is increasingly built on the power grid
What are some of the most relevant insights? #EnergySky
What are some of the most relevant insights? #EnergySky
Electricity 2025 is out now! ⚡️
It shows the world’s power consumption is forecast to rise at its fastest pace in recent years, driven by growing use for industry, air conditioning, electrification & data centres.
Explore the analysis ⬇️ https://iea.li/4hYxuKE
It shows the world’s power consumption is forecast to rise at its fastest pace in recent years, driven by growing use for industry, air conditioning, electrification & data centres.
Explore the analysis ⬇️ https://iea.li/4hYxuKE
Electricity 2025 - Analysis - IEA
iea.li
February 15, 2025 at 3:35 PM
The annual update to IEA's electricity market report highlights rapid and resurging demand growth across many regions in the next couple of years, boosting consumption to record levels: our global economy is increasingly built on the power grid
What are some of the most relevant insights? #EnergySky
What are some of the most relevant insights? #EnergySky
Reposted by Post Normal Times
🇧🇪 A nuclear plant will be pre-maturely shut down today in Belgium.
The new Belgian government is working to reverse their nuclear phaseout, but the turnaround didnt happen in time to save this plant (yet).
The plant is owned by a French gas company.
🔌💡 www.brusselstimes.com/1443731/fina...
The new Belgian government is working to reverse their nuclear phaseout, but the turnaround didnt happen in time to save this plant (yet).
The plant is owned by a French gas company.
🔌💡 www.brusselstimes.com/1443731/fina...
Final shutdown of Doel 1 nuclear reactor today
After exactly 50 years of electricity production, the plug will be pulled from Belgium's oldest nuclear reactor at around 21:45 on Friday.
www.brusselstimes.com
February 14, 2025 at 7:27 PM
🇧🇪 A nuclear plant will be pre-maturely shut down today in Belgium.
The new Belgian government is working to reverse their nuclear phaseout, but the turnaround didnt happen in time to save this plant (yet).
The plant is owned by a French gas company.
🔌💡 www.brusselstimes.com/1443731/fina...
The new Belgian government is working to reverse their nuclear phaseout, but the turnaround didnt happen in time to save this plant (yet).
The plant is owned by a French gas company.
🔌💡 www.brusselstimes.com/1443731/fina...
Overview of popular arguments regarding new nuclear projects:
- negative learning❌ stop-start approach✅
- unwarranted skepticism about cost & schedule reductions from a fleet strategy (not if, how much)
- consortiums to finance and reduce risk exposure remain key
#EnergySky
bsky.app/profile/bari...
- negative learning❌ stop-start approach✅
- unwarranted skepticism about cost & schedule reductions from a fleet strategy (not if, how much)
- consortiums to finance and reduce risk exposure remain key
#EnergySky
bsky.app/profile/bari...
Wondered why it was so hard in Europe and the US to build nuclear power stations to time and to budget? So do lots of other people. But building "fleets" might help: www.ft.com/content/5e56... Lack a subscription? Register and read eight articles monthly free at www.ft.com/register
Can the nuclear industry find a better way to build?
The sector is hopeful that using copies of established reactors can help keep costs down and prevent delays for new projects
www.ft.com
February 10, 2025 at 9:39 AM
Overview of popular arguments regarding new nuclear projects:
- negative learning❌ stop-start approach✅
- unwarranted skepticism about cost & schedule reductions from a fleet strategy (not if, how much)
- consortiums to finance and reduce risk exposure remain key
#EnergySky
bsky.app/profile/bari...
- negative learning❌ stop-start approach✅
- unwarranted skepticism about cost & schedule reductions from a fleet strategy (not if, how much)
- consortiums to finance and reduce risk exposure remain key
#EnergySky
bsky.app/profile/bari...