✨ Monckton Chambers and NERA present the Seventh Annual UK Competition Litigation Conference! ✨
All details can be seen here: www.eventbrite.com/e/the-sevent...
#CompetitionLaw #CompetitionLitigation
All details can be seen here: www.eventbrite.com/e/the-sevent...
#CompetitionLaw #CompetitionLitigation
October 31, 2025 at 10:30 AM
✨ Monckton Chambers and NERA present the Seventh Annual UK Competition Litigation Conference! ✨
All details can be seen here: www.eventbrite.com/e/the-sevent...
#CompetitionLaw #CompetitionLitigation
All details can be seen here: www.eventbrite.com/e/the-sevent...
#CompetitionLaw #CompetitionLitigation
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets #Apple #AppStore #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #LegalNews
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets
UK Competition Appeal Tribunal found Apple violated competition law through App Store restrictions and 30% commission rates in landmark judgment issued October 23, 2025.
ppc.land
October 23, 2025 at 7:14 PM
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets #Apple #AppStore #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #LegalNews
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets #Apple #AppStore #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #LegalNews
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets
UK Competition Appeal Tribunal found Apple violated competition law through App Store restrictions and 30% commission rates in landmark judgment issued October 23, 2025.
ppc.land
October 23, 2025 at 7:14 PM
UK tribunal rules Apple abused dominant position in app markets #Apple #AppStore #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #LegalNews
UK Tribunal Rules Apple Abused App Store Dominance with "Near Absolute Market Power"
#Apple #AppStore #Antitrust #UK #TechRegulation #CompetitionLaw #BigTech #CMA #iOS #DMCCAct #AppleNews #Lawsuit #Regulation
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
#Apple #AppStore #Antitrust #UK #TechRegulation #CompetitionLaw #BigTech #CMA #iOS #DMCCAct #AppleNews #Lawsuit #Regulation
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
UK Tribunal Rules Apple Abused App Store Dominance with "Near Absolute Market Power" - WinBuzzer
Apple has lost a landmark UK lawsuit, with a tribunal finding its 30% App Store commission is an 'excessive and unfair price' that abused its market power.
winbuzzer.com
October 23, 2025 at 4:40 PM
UK Tribunal Rules Apple Abused App Store Dominance with "Near Absolute Market Power"
#Apple #AppStore #Antitrust #UK #TechRegulation #CompetitionLaw #BigTech #CMA #iOS #DMCCAct #AppleNews #Lawsuit #Regulation
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
#Apple #AppStore #Antitrust #UK #TechRegulation #CompetitionLaw #BigTech #CMA #iOS #DMCCAct #AppleNews #Lawsuit #Regulation
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
UK regulators just called out the big two.
Apple and Google have officially been labeled as having “strategic market status”,meaning the CMA now has more power to keep their app stores and platforms in check.
Fair play or power play?
#techhappened
#apple
#google
#uktech
#competitionlaw
Apple and Google have officially been labeled as having “strategic market status”,meaning the CMA now has more power to keep their app stores and platforms in check.
Fair play or power play?
#techhappened
#apple
#uktech
#competitionlaw
October 23, 2025 at 12:28 PM
UK regulators just called out the big two.
Apple and Google have officially been labeled as having “strategic market status”,meaning the CMA now has more power to keep their app stores and platforms in check.
Fair play or power play?
#techhappened
#apple
#google
#uktech
#competitionlaw
Apple and Google have officially been labeled as having “strategic market status”,meaning the CMA now has more power to keep their app stores and platforms in check.
Fair play or power play?
#techhappened
#apple
#uktech
#competitionlaw
UK Designates Apple and Google with ‘Strategic Market Status,’ Triggering New Rules for Mobile Ecosystems
#BigTech #Antitrust #Regulation #CMA #Apple #Google #UKTech #TechRegulation #DMCCAct #AppStore #Mobile #iOS #Android #CompetitionLaw
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
#BigTech #Antitrust #Regulation #CMA #Apple #Google #UKTech #TechRegulation #DMCCAct #AppStore #Mobile #iOS #Android #CompetitionLaw
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
UK Designates Apple and Google with ‘Strategic Market Status,’ Triggering New Rules for Mobile Ecosystems - WinBuzzer
The UK's CMA has designated Apple and Google with 'Strategic Market Status,' enabling new bespoke rules to tackle their dominance in the mobile market.
winbuzzer.com
October 23, 2025 at 10:15 AM
UK Designates Apple and Google with ‘Strategic Market Status,’ Triggering New Rules for Mobile Ecosystems
#BigTech #Antitrust #Regulation #CMA #Apple #Google #UKTech #TechRegulation #DMCCAct #AppStore #Mobile #iOS #Android #CompetitionLaw
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
#BigTech #Antitrust #Regulation #CMA #Apple #Google #UKTech #TechRegulation #DMCCAct #AppStore #Mobile #iOS #Android #CompetitionLaw
winbuzzer.com/2025/10/23/u...
#Apple may be forced to allow rival app stores in UK
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Ruling from competition regulator designates both Apple & #Google as having "strategic market status".
#TechNews #technology #Tech #AppStore #CMA #CompetitionLaw
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Ruling from competition regulator designates both Apple & #Google as having "strategic market status".
#TechNews #technology #Tech #AppStore #CMA #CompetitionLaw
Apple may be forced to allow rival app stores in UK
The Competition and Markets Authority says the tech giant dominates the smartphone market along with Google.
www.bbc.co.uk
October 23, 2025 at 9:44 AM
#Apple may be forced to allow rival app stores in UK
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Ruling from competition regulator designates both Apple & #Google as having "strategic market status".
#TechNews #technology #Tech #AppStore #CMA #CompetitionLaw
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Ruling from competition regulator designates both Apple & #Google as having "strategic market status".
#TechNews #technology #Tech #AppStore #CMA #CompetitionLaw
The session will provide practical insights into what competition law is, how breaches can occur in day-to-day business, and the steps you can take to ensure compliance.
Open to Mersey Maritime members only.
Find out more here👉https://shorturl.at/OAGlX
#MerseyMaritime #OConnors #CompetitionLaw
Open to Mersey Maritime members only.
Find out more here👉https://shorturl.at/OAGlX
#MerseyMaritime #OConnors #CompetitionLaw
October 22, 2025 at 10:51 AM
The session will provide practical insights into what competition law is, how breaches can occur in day-to-day business, and the steps you can take to ensure compliance.
Open to Mersey Maritime members only.
Find out more here👉https://shorturl.at/OAGlX
#MerseyMaritime #OConnors #CompetitionLaw
Open to Mersey Maritime members only.
Find out more here👉https://shorturl.at/OAGlX
#MerseyMaritime #OConnors #CompetitionLaw
6/ THREE GROUPS OF INTERVENTIONS: As the regulatory foundation for #eLending, #copyright law can translate this #CompetitionLaw analysis into policy reform in 3 areas:
1. Clarification of what constitutes a lawful source
2. Contract regulation
3. Limitation to exclusive rights
1. Clarification of what constitutes a lawful source
2. Contract regulation
3. Limitation to exclusive rights
October 15, 2025 at 7:00 AM
6/ THREE GROUPS OF INTERVENTIONS: As the regulatory foundation for #eLending, #copyright law can translate this #CompetitionLaw analysis into policy reform in 3 areas:
1. Clarification of what constitutes a lawful source
2. Contract regulation
3. Limitation to exclusive rights
1. Clarification of what constitutes a lawful source
2. Contract regulation
3. Limitation to exclusive rights
1/ REPORT ALERT!
A brand new KR21 report by @create-glasgow.bsky.social examining the markets for #eLending by academic & public libraries in Europe from #CompetitionLaw and #copyright law perspectives.
🔗 Report: kr21.info/elending-mar...
🔗 Blog post: kr21.info/elending-mar...
#eBookSOS
A brand new KR21 report by @create-glasgow.bsky.social examining the markets for #eLending by academic & public libraries in Europe from #CompetitionLaw and #copyright law perspectives.
🔗 Report: kr21.info/elending-mar...
🔗 Blog post: kr21.info/elending-mar...
#eBookSOS
October 15, 2025 at 7:00 AM
1/ REPORT ALERT!
A brand new KR21 report by @create-glasgow.bsky.social examining the markets for #eLending by academic & public libraries in Europe from #CompetitionLaw and #copyright law perspectives.
🔗 Report: kr21.info/elending-mar...
🔗 Blog post: kr21.info/elending-mar...
#eBookSOS
A brand new KR21 report by @create-glasgow.bsky.social examining the markets for #eLending by academic & public libraries in Europe from #CompetitionLaw and #copyright law perspectives.
🔗 Report: kr21.info/elending-mar...
🔗 Blog post: kr21.info/elending-mar...
#eBookSOS
🇮🇳AI market faces structural challenges! Big enterprises’ data control & resources could create unfair advantages. ⚠️ CCI study highlights risks to fair competition. #AI #India #CompetitionLaw
October 6, 2025 at 6:34 PM
🇮🇳AI market faces structural challenges! Big enterprises’ data control & resources could create unfair advantages. ⚠️ CCI study highlights risks to fair competition. #AI #India #CompetitionLaw
Corporate Sabotage Scandal Rocks South Africa’s Energy Sector ⚡
Full story 👉
🔗 mzansiurbanreport.com/mantengu-cor...
#Mantengu #LibertyCoal #CorporateSabotage #EnergySector #SouthAfrica #BusinessEthics #LegalNews #Accountability #MzansiUrbanReport #CorporateGovernance #CompetitionLaw
Full story 👉
🔗 mzansiurbanreport.com/mantengu-cor...
#Mantengu #LibertyCoal #CorporateSabotage #EnergySector #SouthAfrica #BusinessEthics #LegalNews #Accountability #MzansiUrbanReport #CorporateGovernance #CompetitionLaw
Mantengu: 5 Shocking Revelations About Corporate Sabotage in South Africa
Mantengu's evidence reveals Ulrich Bester sabotage, exposing Liberty Coal's corporate attack in the defamation suit.
mzansiurbanreport.com
October 5, 2025 at 11:16 AM
Corporate Sabotage Scandal Rocks South Africa’s Energy Sector ⚡
Full story 👉
🔗 mzansiurbanreport.com/mantengu-cor...
#Mantengu #LibertyCoal #CorporateSabotage #EnergySector #SouthAfrica #BusinessEthics #LegalNews #Accountability #MzansiUrbanReport #CorporateGovernance #CompetitionLaw
Full story 👉
🔗 mzansiurbanreport.com/mantengu-cor...
#Mantengu #LibertyCoal #CorporateSabotage #EnergySector #SouthAfrica #BusinessEthics #LegalNews #Accountability #MzansiUrbanReport #CorporateGovernance #CompetitionLaw
techebo.com/microsoft-of... Microsoft Office Teams EU fine: Why unbundling matters
#Microsoft #Office365 #MicrosoftTeams #EU #EUfine #Antitrust #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #BigTech #EULaw #EURegulation #Slack #Zoom #GoogleWorkspace #BusinessNews #TechEbo #news
#Microsoft #Office365 #MicrosoftTeams #EU #EUfine #Antitrust #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #BigTech #EULaw #EURegulation #Slack #Zoom #GoogleWorkspace #BusinessNews #TechEbo #news
Microsoft Office Teams EU fine: Why unbundling matters - TechEbo.com
Microsoft avoids an EU fine by unbundling Office and Teams. Find out how this decision impacts competition, customers, and rivals in Europe.
techebo.com
September 12, 2025 at 2:56 PM
techebo.com/microsoft-of... Microsoft Office Teams EU fine: Why unbundling matters
#Microsoft #Office365 #MicrosoftTeams #EU #EUfine #Antitrust #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #BigTech #EULaw #EURegulation #Slack #Zoom #GoogleWorkspace #BusinessNews #TechEbo #news
#Microsoft #Office365 #MicrosoftTeams #EU #EUfine #Antitrust #CompetitionLaw #TechNews #BigTech #EULaw #EURegulation #Slack #Zoom #GoogleWorkspace #BusinessNews #TechEbo #news
Now published: 'International Subsidies' edited by Marc Bungenberg
The go-to-text for all practitioners in the field of competition law and specialists in state aid law ➡️ https://bit.ly/47zzt6f
#EuropeanLaw #CompetitionLaw
The go-to-text for all practitioners in the field of competition law and specialists in state aid law ➡️ https://bit.ly/47zzt6f
#EuropeanLaw #CompetitionLaw
September 10, 2025 at 5:24 PM
Now published: 'International Subsidies' edited by Marc Bungenberg
The go-to-text for all practitioners in the field of competition law and specialists in state aid law ➡️ https://bit.ly/47zzt6f
#EuropeanLaw #CompetitionLaw
The go-to-text for all practitioners in the field of competition law and specialists in state aid law ➡️ https://bit.ly/47zzt6f
#EuropeanLaw #CompetitionLaw
Do you work in #HR or #recruitment? We’ve published a new guide to help you follow #CompetitionLaw.
It explains how you can spot and avoid anti-competitive behaviour when competing for talent.
Read more: www.gov.uk/government/p...
It explains how you can spot and avoid anti-competitive behaviour when competing for talent.
Read more: www.gov.uk/government/p...
September 9, 2025 at 10:17 AM
Do you work in #HR or #recruitment? We’ve published a new guide to help you follow #CompetitionLaw.
It explains how you can spot and avoid anti-competitive behaviour when competing for talent.
Read more: www.gov.uk/government/p...
It explains how you can spot and avoid anti-competitive behaviour when competing for talent.
Read more: www.gov.uk/government/p...
techebo.com/google-eu-ad... Google EU Fine: Record €2.95 Billion Adtech Penalty
#GoogleEUfine #googlefine #adtech #BigTech
#Antitrust #EURegulation #DigitalEconomy
#TechNews #CompetitionLaw #OnlineAds
#TechEbo #news
#GoogleEUfine #googlefine #adtech #BigTech
#Antitrust #EURegulation #DigitalEconomy
#TechNews #CompetitionLaw #OnlineAds
#TechEbo #news
Google EU Fine: Record €2.95 Billion Adtech Penalty - TechEbo.com
Google EU fine €2.95 billion for abusing dominance in adtech. Learn about the case, past fines, and global impact.
techebo.com
September 6, 2025 at 9:58 AM
techebo.com/google-eu-ad... Google EU Fine: Record €2.95 Billion Adtech Penalty
#GoogleEUfine #googlefine #adtech #BigTech
#Antitrust #EURegulation #DigitalEconomy
#TechNews #CompetitionLaw #OnlineAds
#TechEbo #news
#GoogleEUfine #googlefine #adtech #BigTech
#Antitrust #EURegulation #DigitalEconomy
#TechNews #CompetitionLaw #OnlineAds
#TechEbo #news
EU Hits Google with $3.45B Adtech Fine as Trump Threatens Retaliation
wiobs.com/eu-hits-goog...
#Google #Antitrust #EU #DonaldTrump #AdTech #BigTech #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets
wiobs.com/eu-hits-goog...
#Google #Antitrust #EU #DonaldTrump #AdTech #BigTech #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets
EU Hits Google with $3.45B Adtech Fine as Trump Threatens Retaliation - WIOBS
Google faces a record $3.45 billion EU antitrust fine over adtech dominance, sparking outrage from Donald Trump and escalating...
wiobs.com
September 6, 2025 at 1:40 AM
EU Hits Google with $3.45B Adtech Fine as Trump Threatens Retaliation
wiobs.com/eu-hits-goog...
#Google #Antitrust #EU #DonaldTrump #AdTech #BigTech #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets
wiobs.com/eu-hits-goog...
#Google #Antitrust #EU #DonaldTrump #AdTech #BigTech #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets
💡 The latest paper by Josef Drexl and Daria Kim examines the controversies surrounding these alliances and how competition law should respond.
🔗 Read the full paper on @ssrn.bsky.social:
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
#AI #Innovation #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets #OpenSource #TechPolicy
🔗 Read the full paper on @ssrn.bsky.social:
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
#AI #Innovation #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets #OpenSource #TechPolicy
AI Innovation Competition as a Discovery Procedure: The Role and Limits of Competition Law
<br>
Strategic partnership agreements between digital incumbents and smaller AI developers have raised numerous competition law concerns. While little is known about
papers.ssrn.com
September 5, 2025 at 2:22 PM
💡 The latest paper by Josef Drexl and Daria Kim examines the controversies surrounding these alliances and how competition law should respond.
🔗 Read the full paper on @ssrn.bsky.social:
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
#AI #Innovation #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets #OpenSource #TechPolicy
🔗 Read the full paper on @ssrn.bsky.social:
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
#AI #Innovation #CompetitionLaw #DigitalMarkets #OpenSource #TechPolicy
📣 New Podcast! "What the App Store Freedom Act Means for Developers and Consumers?" on @Spreaker #apple #appregulation #approov #appstorefreedomact #competitionlaw #digitalmarkets #digitalrights #epicgames #ftc #google #mobileapps #openappmarketsact #spotify #walledgardens
What the App Store Freedom Act Means for Developers and Consumers?
The App Store Freedom Act
Episode Description: In this episode of Upwardly Mobile, we unpack the App Store Freedom Act, a landmark bipartisan bill aiming to reform the highly concentrated mobile app marketplace dominated by tech giants like Apple and Google. Introduced by Representative Kat Cammack (R-FL) and co-sponsored by Representative Lori Trahan (D-MA), this legislation addresses significant concerns about anti-competitive practices, consumer choice, and developer freedom.
The https://appfairness.org/, an independent nonprofit advocating for consumer choice and a level playing field for app developers, applauds the bill's bipartisan support, seeing it as a crucial step to dismantle "mobile walled gardens". We explore the bill's key provisions, which include allowing users to choose third-party app stores, install apps outside of official stores, and delete pre-installed applications. The Act also seeks to remove limitations on communication between developers and users, cap commissions on payments outside default systems, and mandate data sharing for app developers.
However, the App Store Freedom Act isn't without its critics. We delve into the concerns raised by the American Action Forum, particularly regarding potential overlaps with existing antitrust law and recent rulings like Apple v. Epic Games. A major point of contention is the security implications: opening up app stores could lead to a significant influx of fraudulent apps, data theft, and unverified third-party providers, potentially compromising the "walled garden" security benefits that currently protect users. We also discuss how while the bill might expedite FTC enforcement, it could bypass crucial antitrust requirements, potentially overlooking pro-consumer behaviors by app store providers. Join us as we explore the multifaceted debate surrounding this pivotal piece of tech legislation.
Key Discussion Points:
• The Problem: Anti-competitive practices and lack of consumer freedom in mobile app stores controlled by Apple and Google.
• The Bill's Purpose: To foster competition, enhance consumer choice, and create a level playing field for app developers globally.
• Core Provisions of the App Store Freedom Act (H.R.3209):
◦ Interoperability: Users can choose default third-party app stores, install apps from outside sources, and hide/delete pre-installed apps.
◦ Open App Development: Requires covered companies to provide developers with access to interfaces, hardware, and software features on equivalent terms.
◦ Prohibitions: Bans requirements for specific in-app payment systems, prevents punitive actions against developers using alternative pricing or payment methods, and protects legitimate business communications between developers and users.
◦ Nonpublic Business Information: Prohibits covered companies from using developer data to compete against those apps.
• Enforcement: Violations are treated as unfair or deceptive acts by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), with potential civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation. State attorneys general can also bring civil actions.
• Overlap with Existing Law & Apple v. Epic Games: Discussion on whether new legislation is fully necessary given previous court rulings that addressed similar anti-steering practices.
• Security Concerns: Analysis of how opening the "walled garden" could impact user safety, potentially leading to fraudulent apps, stolen data, and unverified third-party providers.
• Balancing Act: The trade-offs between promoting competition and maintaining user security and convenience.
Relevant Source Materials for this Summary:
• "CAF Applauds Bipartisan Support for App Store Freedom Act - Coalition for App Fairness"
• "Evaluating the App Store Freedom Act - AAF"
• "Text - H.R.3209 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): App Store Freedom Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress"
Sponsor: This episode of Upwardly Mobile is brought to you by Approov.io. Secure your APIs and mobile apps against fraud and abuse. Visit approov.io to learn more.
Keywords: App Store Freedom Act, digital markets, app store regulation, Apple, Google, anti-competitive practices, consumer choice, app developers, mobile apps, Open App Markets Act, Apple v. Epic Games, FTC, security concerns, H.R.3209, mobile walled gardens, competition policy, tech legislation, digital monopoly, software development, consumer protection, privacy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
www.spreaker.com
September 2, 2025 at 7:28 PM
📣 New Podcast! "What the App Store Freedom Act Means for Developers and Consumers?" on @Spreaker #apple #appregulation #approov #appstorefreedomact #competitionlaw #digitalmarkets #digitalrights #epicgames #ftc #google #mobileapps #openappmarketsact #spotify #walledgardens
Finally, #ImaneKhelif could also consider challenging the regulations on the basis of EU #CompetitionLaw and request an injunction from a Dutch court to suspend the regulation and allow her to compete in the Box Cup in Eindhoven.
#ISU #MecaMedina
#ISU #MecaMedina
September 2, 2025 at 12:05 PM
Finally, #ImaneKhelif could also consider challenging the regulations on the basis of EU #CompetitionLaw and request an injunction from a Dutch court to suspend the regulation and allow her to compete in the Box Cup in Eindhoven.
#ISU #MecaMedina
#ISU #MecaMedina
The Danish Competition and Consumer Authority 🇩🇰 has concluded a cartel case involving two kiosks at Himmelbjerget ("⛰️")
For over 25 years, the two kiosks operated under a market-sharing agreement: one sold food and beverages, the other souvenirs.
🔗: niels.institute/2025/08/27/d...
#CompetitionLaw
For over 25 years, the two kiosks operated under a market-sharing agreement: one sold food and beverages, the other souvenirs.
🔗: niels.institute/2025/08/27/d...
#CompetitionLaw
August 27, 2025 at 11:30 AM
The Danish Competition and Consumer Authority 🇩🇰 has concluded a cartel case involving two kiosks at Himmelbjerget ("⛰️")
For over 25 years, the two kiosks operated under a market-sharing agreement: one sold food and beverages, the other souvenirs.
🔗: niels.institute/2025/08/27/d...
#CompetitionLaw
For over 25 years, the two kiosks operated under a market-sharing agreement: one sold food and beverages, the other souvenirs.
🔗: niels.institute/2025/08/27/d...
#CompetitionLaw
We’re delighted to welcome Laurence Pritchard, a nationally recognised competition law specialist, as Consultant Solicitor in our regulatory team.
Read more about Laurence’s appointment and what this means for our clients here: www.oconnors.law/news-views/b...
#CompetitionLaw #LegalServices
Read more about Laurence’s appointment and what this means for our clients here: www.oconnors.law/news-views/b...
#CompetitionLaw #LegalServices
Business law firm O'Connors adds competition law specialist to its regulatory team - O'Connors | business lawyers for corporate, commercial, insurance and regulatory advice
Liverpool-based business law firm, O’Connors, has appointed competition law specialist, Laurence Pritchard, as a Consultant Solicitor in its legal team to broaden its regulatory support for clients.
www.oconnors.law
August 26, 2025 at 12:11 PM
We’re delighted to welcome Laurence Pritchard, a nationally recognised competition law specialist, as Consultant Solicitor in our regulatory team.
Read more about Laurence’s appointment and what this means for our clients here: www.oconnors.law/news-views/b...
#CompetitionLaw #LegalServices
Read more about Laurence’s appointment and what this means for our clients here: www.oconnors.law/news-views/b...
#CompetitionLaw #LegalServices