How understanding the WTO’s past can help foster its revival – including for policy challenges like climate and China’s non-market economy.

For many, August is the perfect opportunity to pause a little, reflect on the year so far, and plan for the months still to come. What better time to look back at popular columns, papers, books, podcasts and videos from the first half of the year, that you may have missed or overlooked.

The Effect: An Introduction to Research Design and Causality, Second edition is about research design, specifically concerning research that uses observational data to make a causal inference. It is s...

Si François Bayrou persiste à dire qu’il ignorait les accusations de violences physiques et sexuelles qui pesaient à la fin des années 1990 sur Notre-Dame de Bétharram, un témoin central plombe encor…

An NSF online payment system remained down after the federal funding freeze was lifted, leaving early-career scientists scrambling to pay bills

YouTube video by NBER

Concentration (the share of a market’s output produced by its largest firms) is a key proxy for measuring market competition. This column introduces a cross-country dataset to measure concentration at the industry level between 2000 and 2019. It captures both domestic production and international trade flows as well as business group linkages. It finds that the average concentration across countries increased by five percentage points between 2000 and 2019, with notable differences across geographic competition levels. These insights are important for understanding competition dynamics and informing antitrust and economic policies to foster a competitive environment.