Keling Wang
keling-wang.com
Keling Wang
@keling-wang.com
PhD student @ Erasmus MC Rotterdam, NL
Epidemiology and causal inference.
Beagles rule the world.
Reposted by Keling Wang
Should you include people in your study who have no opportunity to be exposed? Like someone with an absolute contraindication? Turns out the answer is...it depends.

There are conditions under which excluding them can actually increase bias through bias amplification.
The exposure potential restriction rule revisited - PubMed
There are people who cannot receive certain treatments or experience certain exposures. For example, people without a uterine cervix cannot receive an intrauterine device. This lack of exposure potential in some persons instigated an interesting discussion in the 1980s regarding whether such persons …
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
November 17, 2025 at 12:14 PM
link.springer.com/article/10.1...
So funny that "methodological limitations" are used for both pro-adolecent trans care and anti- sides to accuse the other.

"Cass review used Ottawa scale to assess 102 observational studies and found only 2 of high quality" is the funniest joke ive seen this year.
The Cass Review and Gender-Related Care for Young People in Canada: A Commentary on the Canadian Paediatric Society Position Statement on Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth - Archives of Sexual Beha...
Archives of Sexual Behavior -
link.springer.com
November 25, 2025 at 6:43 AM