Michelle is not active ok Xitter as far as I can tell. BTW, she is as warm and brilliant in person as she comes across on TV. I miss working with her!

We had @hmoluseyi.bsky.social with the opening talk, “Star Hackers: How Educators Rewrite Destinies”, both inspiring and very funny!

I appreciate that! I hear it's a pretty amazing read.

I give you my word. I'll read what you have shared. What I take away is that while the Kardashev Type II civilization is practically and thermodynamically impossible as described in his paper, there are still viable options for building a Dyson Sphere and harvesting some fraction of the energy.

Exactly. And imagine what happens to planetary orbits when you move Jupiter's mass from 5 AU to 2 AU!

You can build a solid opaque shell, but it can't absorb and transmit all the Sun's energy for use. It will radiate in the IR, as you said. Kardashev consumes 10^33 ergs/sec and transmits 10^33 erg/sec for use. That's impossible with Jupiter's mass of material.

Kardeshev states ≈4×10^33 ergs/sec, (iALL the Sun's output) is consumed and transmitted by his sphere.

I agree with you that one can make an array that absorbs SOME solar energy and transmits it. Do you agree it is impossible to absorb and use ALL the Sun's radiation with Jupiter's mass alone?

You make my point!

While I have read Kardashev's paper, I have not read Dysons. I did not realize that any old leaky, spherical array qualifies as a Dyson sphere. I should have clearly stated that a Dyson sphere satisfying the Kardashev Type II civilization requirements is impossible.

You're right in part. I deviate from the literature but not from Kardashev: "II-a civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiated by its own star...; energy consumption at ≈4×10^33 erg/sec." That's ALL the radiation. The same value is to be transmitted for use. I stayed true to Kardashev.

Thanks for the correction of which came first. Kardashev says, "II - a civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiate by its own star...; energy consumption at ≈4 × 10^33 erg/sec." His table also has a table with the same number for power transmission. Sure sounds like he's harnessing ALL.

Thanks for the link! I'm basing my comments on the Kardashev scale Type II civilization description, which inspired the Dyson Sphere. It specifically requires harnessing all of the star's energy, i.e., no leaks. If that requirement is relaxed, we're talking about two different definitions.

Thank you!

Yo! I'm here.

As you should!

...& bid it a safe journey to Cape Canaveral & then, the stars! I remain excited to work with this NASA mission & share the hard work of this diverse team with my network, the Star Trek fandom, & the STEAM community at large. We have a battle ahead of us, but NASA has survived many storms & is...

😂😂😂 Love it! There are definitely fields of physics in which this is true.