We apply this imaging and analysis pipeline to human IHBDs, revealing their complex and heterogeneous 3D architecture. 7/8

We measure features at the whole tissue and individual duct levels to quantify how IHBDs remodel in response to cholestasis (1wk BDL) and hepatocellular injury (4wk thioacetamide). 6/8

To study how IHBDs remodel, we 3D image whole left mouse lobes with invasive and noninvasive ductular reaction (DR), a common phenotype of liver injury. We identify novel morphological changes such as diverticula formation following bile duct ligation (BDL), a cholestasis/noninvasive DR model. 5/8

Our work addresses this gap by providing a robust imaging and analysis pipeline for mouse and human IHBDs. 4/8

This lack of 3D quantitative approaches is particularly limiting for studying tissues with complex 3D organization, such as the IHBDs. Other approaches, such as quantifying conventional histology (2D), can miss subtle or regional phenotypes. 3/8