I found some old photos recently so they were on my phone. I don’t post pics to socials often

That’s an internet find, I haven’t been able to identify the artist yet

AC drops with level, attacks per round go up, damage from open hand goes up, and Spartans get a spell like power related to mind or body at each level.

The goal with the redesign was for Spartan's to be a true martial class, one that can hold its own against armored warriors and fierce monsters.

Some creatures aren't really "punchable", the spartan's martial arts includes throws and trips, so they can redirect charging opponents rather than just striking everything.

Everyone gets proficiency bonuses, but Spartans can stack these bonuses. As a martial class, they get combat system bonuses

Good catch

Justiciars get special creed powers, spell like abilities at different levels.

Special creeds are interpreted by the referee and the player; they are intended to be inspirational for role playing purposes.

Justiciars get most of the standard paladin powers as well, healing, disease immunity, etc.

Every Justiciar has a "special creed" associated with their god, this creed is on top of their imperative to protect the innocent at all costs.

Betraying the innocent or their special creed causes a loss of powers.

They also get special bonuses for their holy weapon

Playtesting has shown that these changes make the game far more engaging, players love them, and the game gets back some of the mystery that it has lost through familiarity.

Big fun

This one change has altered the basic tenor of the game, instead of priestly heal bots and wizards who all cast Sleep, the game becomes unpredictable and players get to use more of the abilities that the game provides for them.

And of course NPCs similarly benefit

3. Warlocks (Bhakashal magic-users) become more tactically opaque, as the combination of random spell allocation and free casting means that every warlock has a different spread of spells.

Tactical opacity makes the game fundamentally different, as predicting spell caster choices is difficult

The benefits of this for the game have been immense:
1. Divination and protective magic for priests has seen as much or more usage as healing magic

2. Priests have become far more useful to the party as they have a wide range of utility spells that impact play

For divine casters it means that they get access to the entire spell list for the appropriate levels. This means that clerics are no longer "heal bots", as they have an impressive range of non-healing spells that are wildly situationally useful and can be accessed as needed.

For arcane casters this means that every spell you find you permanently memorize, and you can choose to cast any permanently memorized spell as needed.

No one in AD&D 1e chooses to memorize "Mending", but in Bhakashal if you permanently memorize it, the spell can be used when needed

This creates a huge number of "stranded spells" in AD&D, I would conservatively estimate that most gaming groups use about 20% of the listed spells in the game.

Bhakashal reconnects your gaming group with that lost 80% by making all magic-using classes free casters.

The effect of this rule is to force players to decide what spells they will need ahead of time. Though I love resource management decisions in the game, this particular decision means that many spells are simply never used.

Clerics always take healing magic

Magic-users take damage based spells

Ahh, gotcha.

And yes, AD&D 1e allowed for simultaneous action

Nothing like two combatants slaying each other at the same time!