Tobias Gerstenberg
@tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
Thank you @ltreiman.bsky.social for sharing your work with us on how people act differently when they know that their behavior is used to train AI. In the ultimatum game, people are more likely to reject disadvantageous offers when an AI is watching and learning.
📃 www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
📃 www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
February 7, 2026 at 6:01 PM
Thank you @ltreiman.bsky.social for sharing your work with us on how people act differently when they know that their behavior is used to train AI. In the ultimatum game, people are more likely to reject disadvantageous offers when an AI is watching and learning.
📃 www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
📃 www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
Imagination in bonobos!
I am thrilled to share a new paper w/ Amalia Bastos, out now in @science.org
We provide the first experimental evidence that a nonhuman animal can follow along a pretend scenario & track imaginary objects. Work w/ Kanzi, the bonobo, at Ape Initiative
youtu.be/NUSHcQQz2Ko
I am thrilled to share a new paper w/ Amalia Bastos, out now in @science.org
We provide the first experimental evidence that a nonhuman animal can follow along a pretend scenario & track imaginary objects. Work w/ Kanzi, the bonobo, at Ape Initiative
youtu.be/NUSHcQQz2Ko
Apes Share Human Ability to Imagine
YouTube video by Johns Hopkins University
youtu.be
February 5, 2026 at 7:18 PM
Imagination in bonobos!
I am thrilled to share a new paper w/ Amalia Bastos, out now in @science.org
We provide the first experimental evidence that a nonhuman animal can follow along a pretend scenario & track imaginary objects. Work w/ Kanzi, the bonobo, at Ape Initiative
youtu.be/NUSHcQQz2Ko
I am thrilled to share a new paper w/ Amalia Bastos, out now in @science.org
We provide the first experimental evidence that a nonhuman animal can follow along a pretend scenario & track imaginary objects. Work w/ Kanzi, the bonobo, at Ape Initiative
youtu.be/NUSHcQQz2Ko
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
This July, we are holding a virtual hackathon to explore LEVANTE data!
If you're interested in data analysis, development, and cross-cultural variability, please join us!
First week is open, second week is by application with mentorship on group projects.
levante-hackathon-2026.github.io
If you're interested in data analysis, development, and cross-cultural variability, please join us!
First week is open, second week is by application with mentorship on group projects.
levante-hackathon-2026.github.io
February 2, 2026 at 6:50 PM
This July, we are holding a virtual hackathon to explore LEVANTE data!
If you're interested in data analysis, development, and cross-cultural variability, please join us!
First week is open, second week is by application with mentorship on group projects.
levante-hackathon-2026.github.io
If you're interested in data analysis, development, and cross-cultural variability, please join us!
First week is open, second week is by application with mentorship on group projects.
levante-hackathon-2026.github.io
Thanks @miriam-hauptman.bsky.social for sharing your work with us! How people learn about the visual world from language is mediated through causal models. Both sighted and blind people infer how many colors an object has based on how color ➡️ function.
📃 m-hauptman.github.io/files/Hauptm...
📃 m-hauptman.github.io/files/Hauptm...
January 22, 2026 at 9:11 PM
Thanks @miriam-hauptman.bsky.social for sharing your work with us! How people learn about the visual world from language is mediated through causal models. Both sighted and blind people infer how many colors an object has based on how color ➡️ function.
📃 m-hauptman.github.io/files/Hauptm...
📃 m-hauptman.github.io/files/Hauptm...
Thank you Aniket Vashishtha (aniketvashishtha.github.io) for sharing your work on counterfactual reasoning in LLMs with us! Most current benchmarks don't assess genuine counterfactual reasoning. Aniket's work does, showing that LLMs struggle and what to do about that.
📃 arxiv.org/abs/2510.015...
📃 arxiv.org/abs/2510.015...
January 15, 2026 at 9:19 PM
Thank you Aniket Vashishtha (aniketvashishtha.github.io) for sharing your work on counterfactual reasoning in LLMs with us! Most current benchmarks don't assess genuine counterfactual reasoning. Aniket's work does, showing that LLMs struggle and what to do about that.
📃 arxiv.org/abs/2510.015...
📃 arxiv.org/abs/2510.015...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
With some trepidation, I'm putting this out into the world:
gershmanlab.com/textbook.html
It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class.
My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.
gershmanlab.com/textbook.html
It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class.
My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.
January 9, 2026 at 1:27 AM
With some trepidation, I'm putting this out into the world:
gershmanlab.com/textbook.html
It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class.
My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.
gershmanlab.com/textbook.html
It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class.
My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
Officially out! In this review, Aaron Chuey and I discuss how existing work on ToM mostly focused on a single individual’s mental states (e.g., what Sally thinks). Extending ToM, we argue for ToMS—an understanding of how multiple individuals communicate and influence each others’ minds. t.ly/u4rtb
Theory of Minds: Early Understanding of Interacting Minds
The idea that we understand others’ actions in terms of their underlying mental states has shaped decades of developmental research on social cognition. Existing work, however, has primarily focused o...
www.annualreviews.org
December 10, 2025 at 11:30 PM
Officially out! In this review, Aaron Chuey and I discuss how existing work on ToM mostly focused on a single individual’s mental states (e.g., what Sally thinks). Extending ToM, we argue for ToMS—an understanding of how multiple individuals communicate and influence each others’ minds. t.ly/u4rtb
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
Another fun project from @yangxiang.bsky.social. She asks the question: do people assign responsibility to personality traits in the same way that they assign reponsibility to people? The answer: sort of!
osf.io/preprints/ps...
osf.io/preprints/ps...
OSF
osf.io
December 6, 2025 at 3:11 PM
Another fun project from @yangxiang.bsky.social. She asks the question: do people assign responsibility to personality traits in the same way that they assign reponsibility to people? The answer: sort of!
osf.io/preprints/ps...
osf.io/preprints/ps...
Excited that this is now out in @nathumbehav.nature.com 🎉
David Rose (davdrose.github.io) led this project on how children's understanding of causal language develops.
📃 (preprint): osf.io/preprints/ps...
📎: github.com/davdrose/cau...
David Rose (davdrose.github.io) led this project on how children's understanding of causal language develops.
📃 (preprint): osf.io/preprints/ps...
📎: github.com/davdrose/cau...
December 5, 2025 at 4:20 PM
Excited that this is now out in @nathumbehav.nature.com 🎉
David Rose (davdrose.github.io) led this project on how children's understanding of causal language develops.
📃 (preprint): osf.io/preprints/ps...
📎: github.com/davdrose/cau...
David Rose (davdrose.github.io) led this project on how children's understanding of causal language develops.
📃 (preprint): osf.io/preprints/ps...
📎: github.com/davdrose/cau...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
The Harvard Gazette has a nice story on my student @yangxiang.bsky.social and her work with @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor...
news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor...
Cracking the code of why, when some choose to ‘self-handicap’ — Harvard Gazette
New research also offers hints for devising ways to stop students from creating obstacles to success.
news.harvard.edu
December 4, 2025 at 7:43 PM
The Harvard Gazette has a nice story on my student @yangxiang.bsky.social and her work with @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor...
news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
🚨🚨🚨
Our 52nd Annual Meeting will be held from June 18–20, 2026 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, with a pre-conference on Mental Control and Agency held at JHU on June 17
🚨🚨🚨
We are currently inviting submissions of papers (talks and posters)!
Our 52nd Annual Meeting will be held from June 18–20, 2026 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, with a pre-conference on Mental Control and Agency held at JHU on June 17
🚨🚨🚨
We are currently inviting submissions of papers (talks and posters)!
November 22, 2025 at 11:04 PM
🚨🚨🚨
Our 52nd Annual Meeting will be held from June 18–20, 2026 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, with a pre-conference on Mental Control and Agency held at JHU on June 17
🚨🚨🚨
We are currently inviting submissions of papers (talks and posters)!
Our 52nd Annual Meeting will be held from June 18–20, 2026 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, with a pre-conference on Mental Control and Agency held at JHU on June 17
🚨🚨🚨
We are currently inviting submissions of papers (talks and posters)!
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
starting fall 2026 i'll be an assistant professor at @upenn.edu 🥳
my lab will develop scalable models/theories of human behavior, focused on memory and perception
currently recruiting PhD students in psychology, neuroscience, & computer science!
reach out if you're interested 😊
my lab will develop scalable models/theories of human behavior, focused on memory and perception
currently recruiting PhD students in psychology, neuroscience, & computer science!
reach out if you're interested 😊
November 25, 2025 at 9:36 PM
starting fall 2026 i'll be an assistant professor at @upenn.edu 🥳
my lab will develop scalable models/theories of human behavior, focused on memory and perception
currently recruiting PhD students in psychology, neuroscience, & computer science!
reach out if you're interested 😊
my lab will develop scalable models/theories of human behavior, focused on memory and perception
currently recruiting PhD students in psychology, neuroscience, & computer science!
reach out if you're interested 😊
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
Officially out in the current issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences:
"Physics versus graphics as an organizing dichotomy in cognition"
www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
"Physics versus graphics as an organizing dichotomy in cognition"
www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
November 17, 2025 at 1:55 PM
Officially out in the current issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences:
"Physics versus graphics as an organizing dichotomy in cognition"
www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
"Physics versus graphics as an organizing dichotomy in cognition"
www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
I'm very excited about this work led by @nbalamur.bsky.social Inspired by the classic "Spot the ball ⚽" task, we develop a benchmark for visual social inference. We find that human participants perform much better than vision-language models.
Try it here: v0-new-project-9b5vt6k9ugb.vercel.app
Try it here: v0-new-project-9b5vt6k9ugb.vercel.app
November 13, 2025 at 5:16 PM
I'm very excited about this work led by @nbalamur.bsky.social Inspired by the classic "Spot the ball ⚽" task, we develop a benchmark for visual social inference. We find that human participants perform much better than vision-language models.
Try it here: v0-new-project-9b5vt6k9ugb.vercel.app
Try it here: v0-new-project-9b5vt6k9ugb.vercel.app
It was great to hear from Brian Leahy (brianleahy.net) in the devo lunch at Stanford today!!
He presented a beautiful set of studies that suggest that many 4-year-old children have a minimal concept of possibility: they simulate only once and treat the outcome as a fact. 🎱⬅️➡️🤔💭💡
He presented a beautiful set of studies that suggest that many 4-year-old children have a minimal concept of possibility: they simulate only once and treat the outcome as a fact. 🎱⬅️➡️🤔💭💡
November 5, 2025 at 11:05 PM
It was great to hear from Brian Leahy (brianleahy.net) in the devo lunch at Stanford today!!
He presented a beautiful set of studies that suggest that many 4-year-old children have a minimal concept of possibility: they simulate only once and treat the outcome as a fact. 🎱⬅️➡️🤔💭💡
He presented a beautiful set of studies that suggest that many 4-year-old children have a minimal concept of possibility: they simulate only once and treat the outcome as a fact. 🎱⬅️➡️🤔💭💡
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
I am accepting graduate students for the UCI Cognitive Sciences PhD program for Fall 2026. Check out my lab website - www.relcoglab.org for our recent themes. Our funded work focuses on combinatorial reasoning, moral decision-making, and conceptual cognition in humans and large language models.
Relational Cognition Lab
www.relcoglab.org
November 5, 2025 at 8:09 AM
I am accepting graduate students for the UCI Cognitive Sciences PhD program for Fall 2026. Check out my lab website - www.relcoglab.org for our recent themes. Our funded work focuses on combinatorial reasoning, moral decision-making, and conceptual cognition in humans and large language models.
🚨 New preprint 🚨
How do people's mental models shape memory, prediction, and generalization? We find that people spontaneously construct goal-dependent causal abstractions that compress experience to privilege relevant information.
📃 osf.io/preprints/ps...
🔗 github.com/cicl-stanfor...
How do people's mental models shape memory, prediction, and generalization? We find that people spontaneously construct goal-dependent causal abstractions that compress experience to privilege relevant information.
📃 osf.io/preprints/ps...
🔗 github.com/cicl-stanfor...
October 24, 2025 at 7:15 PM
🚨 New preprint 🚨
How do people's mental models shape memory, prediction, and generalization? We find that people spontaneously construct goal-dependent causal abstractions that compress experience to privilege relevant information.
📃 osf.io/preprints/ps...
🔗 github.com/cicl-stanfor...
How do people's mental models shape memory, prediction, and generalization? We find that people spontaneously construct goal-dependent causal abstractions that compress experience to privilege relevant information.
📃 osf.io/preprints/ps...
🔗 github.com/cicl-stanfor...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
We're excited to announce that Cognitive Science at Dartmouth is recruiting PhD students to work collaboratively with me, Steven Frankland, and Fred Callaway. Come study the principles and mechanisms that enable us to understand, plan, and act in the world! Info: sites.dartmouth.edu/cogscigrad/
Cognitive Science Graduate Admissions – Information about graduate admissions from the cognitive science faculty
sites.dartmouth.edu
October 23, 2025 at 5:30 PM
We're excited to announce that Cognitive Science at Dartmouth is recruiting PhD students to work collaboratively with me, Steven Frankland, and Fred Callaway. Come study the principles and mechanisms that enable us to understand, plan, and act in the world! Info: sites.dartmouth.edu/cogscigrad/
The Causality in Cognition Lab at Stanford University is recruiting PhD students this cycle!
We are a supportive team who happened to wear bluesky appropriate colors for the lab photo (this wasn't planned). 💙
Lab info: cicl.stanford.edu
Application details: psychology.stanford.edu/admissions/p...
We are a supportive team who happened to wear bluesky appropriate colors for the lab photo (this wasn't planned). 💙
Lab info: cicl.stanford.edu
Application details: psychology.stanford.edu/admissions/p...
October 17, 2025 at 5:43 PM
The Causality in Cognition Lab at Stanford University is recruiting PhD students this cycle!
We are a supportive team who happened to wear bluesky appropriate colors for the lab photo (this wasn't planned). 💙
Lab info: cicl.stanford.edu
Application details: psychology.stanford.edu/admissions/p...
We are a supportive team who happened to wear bluesky appropriate colors for the lab photo (this wasn't planned). 💙
Lab info: cicl.stanford.edu
Application details: psychology.stanford.edu/admissions/p...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
New preprint!
"Non-commitment in mental imagery is distinct from perceptual inattention, and supports hierarchical scene construction"
(by Li, Hammond, & me)
link: doi.org/10.31234/osf...
-- the title's a bit of a mouthful, but the nice thing is that it's a pretty decent summary
"Non-commitment in mental imagery is distinct from perceptual inattention, and supports hierarchical scene construction"
(by Li, Hammond, & me)
link: doi.org/10.31234/osf...
-- the title's a bit of a mouthful, but the nice thing is that it's a pretty decent summary
October 14, 2025 at 1:22 PM
New preprint!
"Non-commitment in mental imagery is distinct from perceptual inattention, and supports hierarchical scene construction"
(by Li, Hammond, & me)
link: doi.org/10.31234/osf...
-- the title's a bit of a mouthful, but the nice thing is that it's a pretty decent summary
"Non-commitment in mental imagery is distinct from perceptual inattention, and supports hierarchical scene construction"
(by Li, Hammond, & me)
link: doi.org/10.31234/osf...
-- the title's a bit of a mouthful, but the nice thing is that it's a pretty decent summary
🚨New Preprint: We develop a novel task that probes counterfactual thinking without using counterfactual language, and that teases apart genuine counterfactual thinking from related forms of thinking. Using this task, we find that the ability for counterfactual thinking emerges around 5 years of age.
October 13, 2025 at 7:58 PM
🚨New Preprint: We develop a novel task that probes counterfactual thinking without using counterfactual language, and that teases apart genuine counterfactual thinking from related forms of thinking. Using this task, we find that the ability for counterfactual thinking emerges around 5 years of age.
Thanks Evan Orticio (orticio.com) for sharing your fascinating work with us on how children and adults form beliefs without direct evidence.
In one super cool study, he shows how children become more diligent fact checkers in less reliable environments.
📃 orticio.com/assets/Ortic...
In one super cool study, he shows how children become more diligent fact checkers in less reliable environments.
📃 orticio.com/assets/Ortic...
October 10, 2025 at 10:14 PM
Thanks Evan Orticio (orticio.com) for sharing your fascinating work with us on how children and adults form beliefs without direct evidence.
In one super cool study, he shows how children become more diligent fact checkers in less reliable environments.
📃 orticio.com/assets/Ortic...
In one super cool study, he shows how children become more diligent fact checkers in less reliable environments.
📃 orticio.com/assets/Ortic...
I had a wonderful time visiting UC Irvine to give a talk in the cognitive science colloquium. Thank you @annaleshinskaya.bsky.social for being a fantastic host, and to all the other faculty, students, and postdocs I got to meet during my visit 🙏
October 2, 2025 at 8:12 PM
I had a wonderful time visiting UC Irvine to give a talk in the cognitive science colloquium. Thank you @annaleshinskaya.bsky.social for being a fantastic host, and to all the other faculty, students, and postdocs I got to meet during my visit 🙏
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
"A signaling theory of self-handicapping"
📢New from: @yangxiang.bsky.social @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
📢New from: @yangxiang.bsky.social @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
A signaling theory of self-handicapping
People use various strategies to bolster the perception of their competence. One strategy is self-handicapping, by which people deliberately impede th…
www.sciencedirect.com
September 22, 2025 at 2:06 PM
"A signaling theory of self-handicapping"
📢New from: @yangxiang.bsky.social @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
📢New from: @yangxiang.bsky.social @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Reposted by Tobias Gerstenberg
Now out in Cognition, work with the great @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social on formalizing self-handicapping as rational signaling!
📃 authors.elsevier.com/a/1lo8f2Hx2-...
📃 authors.elsevier.com/a/1lo8f2Hx2-...
September 19, 2025 at 3:46 AM
Now out in Cognition, work with the great @gershbrain.bsky.social @tobigerstenberg.bsky.social on formalizing self-handicapping as rational signaling!
📃 authors.elsevier.com/a/1lo8f2Hx2-...
📃 authors.elsevier.com/a/1lo8f2Hx2-...