Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that spread by horizontal transfer and shape bacterial evolution. Plasmids are typically present at mul...

Prezygotic interspecific incompatibility prevents hybridization between species, which limits interbreeding strategies for crop improvement using wild relatives. The Brassica rapa female self-incompat...

Now, do the same about Ukraine

Analysis of data from pre-implantation genetic testing sheds light on the genetic basis of meiotic-origin aneuploidy, the leading cause of human pregnancy loss, identifying common genetic variants ass...

Ancestrally non-genic sequences are now widely recognized as potential reservoirs for the de novo emergence of new genes. Across clades, some de novo genes were proven to have substantial phenotypic effects, and to contribute to the emergence of novel biological functions. Yet, still very little is known about the starting material from which de novo genes emerge, especially in plants. To fill this gap, we generated Ribosome Profiling data from the closely related species Arabidopsis halleri, A. lyrata and A. thaliana and characterized genome-wide patterns of translation across them. Synteny analysis revealed 211 Open Reading Frames (ORFs) that have emerged de novo within the Arabidopsis genus and already exhibit signs of active translation. Most of these de novo translated ORFs were species- and even accession-specific, indicating their transient nature, with patterns of polymorphism consistent with neutral evolution in natural populations. They were also significantly shorter and less expressed than conserved Coding DNA Sequences (CDS), and their GC content increased with phylogenetic conservation. While most of them were located in intergenic regions and are thus newly discovered, 34 were previously annotated as CDS in at least one genome, and are promising putative genes. Our results demonstrate the abundance of translation events outside of conserved CDS, and their role as starting material for the emergence of novel genes in plants. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Université de Lille, https://ror.org/0546v5182

Computer simulations of complex population genetic models are an essential tool for making sense of the large-scale datasets of multiple genome sequences from a single species that are becoming increa...

Abstract. Environmental unpredictability can result in the evolution of bet-hedging traits, which maximize long-term fitness but are, by definition, subopt

A capacity to adapt is essential for a population to avoid extinction in a changing world and is recognised as a global conservation priority. Adaptation requires additive (heritable) genetic variatio...