Abstract. Some genes encoding proteins within the co-evolved pre- and postsynaptic compartments are present in genomes long preceding the origination of th

For over a century, evolutionary biologists have been motivated to understand the mechanisms through which organisms adapt to their environments. Coloration and pigmentation are remarkably variable wi...

As funding for science tightens across the United States, attention has turned to pressures faced by universities and biomedical research institutions. An often overlooked part of the nation’s science...

Body size variation in vertebrates is a complex polygenic trait, tightly correlated with numerous aspects of a species’ biology, ecology, and physi...

Combining fossil-based and molecular calibrations with data on horizontal gene transfer events, the authors develop a time-calibrated phylogeny of Fungi. This timescale, which integrates analytic uncertainties, suggests an older age of crown Fungi (1,401–896 million years ago), as well as a minimum age for ancient interactions involving fungi and the algal ancestors of embryophytes in terrestrial ecosystems (1,253–797 Ma).

ALT: a black and white dog is sitting on a couch with its tongue sticking out .

Synopsis. Opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors often expressed in neuronal photoreceptor cells and used for light detection in most animals, including cn

Katherine Esau, Ukrainian immigrant who revolutionised plant biology, discusses her journey from sugar beet fields to pioneering electron microscopy. The definitive plant anatomist explains how her…

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United States Senate Committee on Appropriations