Leptospirosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic infection causing more than one million cases and nearly 60,000 deaths annually yet is often diagnosed …

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a key immunomodulatory receptor broadly expressed on myeloid cells such as macrophages and microglia. It plays versatile roles in neurodegen...

Objective To provide a description of the occurrence of facial nerve palsy in hospitalizations for malignant otitis externa and to compare the demographic characteristics, hospital traits, comorbidi...

During development, the excess of synapses needs to be eliminated to regulate their number and function. Synaptic pruning is a crucial neurodevelopmental process in which microglial cells engulf and eliminate “weak” or inactive synapses (1). This mechanism ensures that neural circuits are efficiently refined, enhancing cognitive functions and overall brain health. The phenomenon of synaptic pruning was first observed in the 1970s within the fetal cat’s dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) (2). Since then, extensive research has demonstrated that synaptic pruning occurs in different regions of the brain, such as the amygdala (3), cerebellum (4), prefrontal cortex (5), olfactory bulb (OB) (6), and hippocampus (7). This process plays a pivotal role during early developmental stages, facilitating the proper maturation of neural networks and contributing to the formation of a functional and efficient brain. The understanding of synaptic pruning has significant implications for neuroscience, providing insights into the mechanisms of neural plasticity and the maintenance of cognitive functions throughout the lifespan. Synaptic pruning may also remove small segments of axonal and dendritic spines in presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates. From mid-embryonic development to adolescence, synaptic pruning refines neuronal connections in the brain, such as the corpus callosum (8).

A nine-year transit-timing campaign has measured the extremely low masses and densities of four large planets orbiting the young star V1298 Tau, which are now predicted to contract and form a typical ...

Bisphosphonates may influence arterial calcification through mechanisms shared with bone formation. As treatment often extends over several years, ass…

New Study: Light physical activity was associated with lower risk of death for adults in stages 2, 3 and 4 of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a health condition that includes hear...

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy - Signaling pathways and targeted interventions for precancers

Cell Research - Mitophagy in the pathogenesis and management of disease

Scientific Reports - Large-scale music events can cause subclinical hearing damage

Pancreatic β cells are essential for glucose homeostasis through the regulated secretion of insulin in response to rising glucose levels. A critical c…

Cardiovascular diseases, and most notably coronary artery disease (CAD), carry a large burden of mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for be…

SUMMARYSynthetic polymers have transformed modern life, giving rise to a wide spectrum of versatile materials commonly known as plastics. They are essential to industries including packaging, medical ...

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome affects approximately 90% of US adults, arising from the convergence of metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (...

Syncope is a symptom in which transient loss of consciousness occurs as a consequence of a self-limited, spontaneously terminating period of cerebral hypoperfusion. Many circulatory disturbances (e.g....

The recent availability of large-scale genomic datasets in psoriatic disease, combined with advances in molecular tools, next-generation genomic technologies, and informatics, has led to a better unde...

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the renal manifestation of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is characterized by a dysregulated immune system, the presence of autoantibodies, and r...