Martin Unger
@martinu.bsky.social
Higher Education Research at IHS, Vienna
Pinned
Martin Unger
@martinu.bsky.social
· Feb 11
data.aussda.at
Das Scientific Usefile der österreichischen Studierenden-Sozialerhebung 2023 ist jetzt bei @aussda.bsky.social für wissenschaftliche Forschung verfügbar:
data.aussda.at/dataset.xhtm...
@ihs.ac.at @reiterpazmandy.bsky.social @bundesoeh.bsky.social
data.aussda.at/dataset.xhtm...
@ihs.ac.at @reiterpazmandy.bsky.social @bundesoeh.bsky.social
Reposted by Martin Unger
Students who study beyond the standard period of study:
🔹 have a lower sense of belonging
🔹 are less likely to rate their academic performance better than that of their fellow students
🔹 are more likely to consider dropping out than those still within the standard period of study.
🔹 have a lower sense of belonging
🔹 are less likely to rate their academic performance better than that of their fellow students
🔹 are more likely to consider dropping out than those still within the standard period of study.
November 10, 2025 at 8:15 AM
Students who study beyond the standard period of study:
🔹 have a lower sense of belonging
🔹 are less likely to rate their academic performance better than that of their fellow students
🔹 are more likely to consider dropping out than those still within the standard period of study.
🔹 have a lower sense of belonging
🔹 are less likely to rate their academic performance better than that of their fellow students
🔹 are more likely to consider dropping out than those still within the standard period of study.
Reposted by Martin Unger
Today I learned: Studierende in Klagenfurt machen am häufigsten keinen Sport, Studierende in Innsbruck machen am häufigsten mehr als drei Mal wöchentlich Sport. Am Seltensten betätigen sich Ingenieurswesen-Studierende an öffentlichen Kunst-Unis sportlich.
www.sozialerhebung.at
November 9, 2025 at 9:40 AM
Today I learned: Studierende in Klagenfurt machen am häufigsten keinen Sport, Studierende in Innsbruck machen am häufigsten mehr als drei Mal wöchentlich Sport. Am Seltensten betätigen sich Ingenieurswesen-Studierende an öffentlichen Kunst-Unis sportlich.
Reposted by Martin Unger
Students’ self-earned income is the single most important source of income in 54% of the #EUROSTUDENT countries. This is true for the 🇨🇿 Czech Republic, 🇨🇭 Switzerland, 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇵🇱 Poland, 🇭🇺 Hungary, 🇮🇪 Ireland, 🇳🇱 the Netherlands, 🇲🇹 Malta, 🇪🇪 Estonia, 🇦🇹 Austria, 🇮🇸 Iceland, 🇫🇮 Finland & 🇳🇴 Norway.
November 3, 2025 at 8:08 AM
Students’ self-earned income is the single most important source of income in 54% of the #EUROSTUDENT countries. This is true for the 🇨🇿 Czech Republic, 🇨🇭 Switzerland, 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇵🇱 Poland, 🇭🇺 Hungary, 🇮🇪 Ireland, 🇳🇱 the Netherlands, 🇲🇹 Malta, 🇪🇪 Estonia, 🇦🇹 Austria, 🇮🇸 Iceland, 🇫🇮 Finland & 🇳🇴 Norway.
Reposted by Martin Unger
Students from non-tertiary educational backgrounds report lower original study intentions, lower sense of belonging, and slightly higher drop- out intentions.
Take a look on certain countries below 👇
Take a look on certain countries below 👇
October 30, 2025 at 9:03 AM
Students from non-tertiary educational backgrounds report lower original study intentions, lower sense of belonging, and slightly higher drop- out intentions.
Take a look on certain countries below 👇
Take a look on certain countries below 👇
Reposted by Martin Unger
ESU firmly rejects any forms of intimidation or propaganda aimed at silencing student voices.
All eyes on Students in Serbia!
The full statement is on our website: bit.ly/47lkLha
All eyes on Students in Serbia!
The full statement is on our website: bit.ly/47lkLha
October 29, 2025 at 3:32 PM
ESU firmly rejects any forms of intimidation or propaganda aimed at silencing student voices.
All eyes on Students in Serbia!
The full statement is on our website: bit.ly/47lkLha
All eyes on Students in Serbia!
The full statement is on our website: bit.ly/47lkLha
Reposted by Martin Unger
Another two slots of intense checking of #EUROSTUDENT data and coding done together with @ihs.ac.at & @joriscuppen.bsky.social ✅
It was a pleasure to have researchers from 🇬🇪, 🇮🇸, 🇦🇿, 🇭🇺, 🇮🇪, 🇲🇹, 🇩🇰, 🇸🇪 & 🇩🇪 over this week for data delivery seminars at IHS in Vienna.
Thank you all & have a safe way home! 👋
It was a pleasure to have researchers from 🇬🇪, 🇮🇸, 🇦🇿, 🇭🇺, 🇮🇪, 🇲🇹, 🇩🇰, 🇸🇪 & 🇩🇪 over this week for data delivery seminars at IHS in Vienna.
Thank you all & have a safe way home! 👋
October 17, 2025 at 12:40 PM
Another two slots of intense checking of #EUROSTUDENT data and coding done together with @ihs.ac.at & @joriscuppen.bsky.social ✅
It was a pleasure to have researchers from 🇬🇪, 🇮🇸, 🇦🇿, 🇭🇺, 🇮🇪, 🇲🇹, 🇩🇰, 🇸🇪 & 🇩🇪 over this week for data delivery seminars at IHS in Vienna.
Thank you all & have a safe way home! 👋
It was a pleasure to have researchers from 🇬🇪, 🇮🇸, 🇦🇿, 🇭🇺, 🇮🇪, 🇲🇹, 🇩🇰, 🇸🇪 & 🇩🇪 over this week for data delivery seminars at IHS in Vienna.
Thank you all & have a safe way home! 👋
Reposted by Martin Unger
New paper out on how research funding shapes university research. New insights on how the joint impact of the block grant and project-based funding affects "thematic" steering, or mission orientation, and "productivity" steering, or excellence initiatives, and how the same 1/
doi.org/10.1093/scip...
doi.org/10.1093/scip...
Validate User
doi.org
October 14, 2025 at 2:50 PM
New paper out on how research funding shapes university research. New insights on how the joint impact of the block grant and project-based funding affects "thematic" steering, or mission orientation, and "productivity" steering, or excellence initiatives, and how the same 1/
doi.org/10.1093/scip...
doi.org/10.1093/scip...
Reposted by Martin Unger
Celebrate #WAHED25 with a special @eurostudent.bsky.social Talks webinar on disability inclusion in higher education in Europe!
Speakers from across Europe will share insights & innovations in student support.
📅 23 October
🔗 Join here: us02web.zoom.us/meeting/regi...
#HigherEd #DisabilitySupport
Speakers from across Europe will share insights & innovations in student support.
📅 23 October
🔗 Join here: us02web.zoom.us/meeting/regi...
#HigherEd #DisabilitySupport
October 8, 2025 at 3:09 PM
Celebrate #WAHED25 with a special @eurostudent.bsky.social Talks webinar on disability inclusion in higher education in Europe!
Speakers from across Europe will share insights & innovations in student support.
📅 23 October
🔗 Join here: us02web.zoom.us/meeting/regi...
#HigherEd #DisabilitySupport
Speakers from across Europe will share insights & innovations in student support.
📅 23 October
🔗 Join here: us02web.zoom.us/meeting/regi...
#HigherEd #DisabilitySupport
Reposted by Martin Unger
Although educational background is considered a key determinant of 🌍 international student mobility (ISM), it is worth taking a broader look at how migration background, income structure, parental prosperity, field of study, and HEI characteristics shape ISM participation.
Have a browse below!
Have a browse below!
October 13, 2025 at 8:14 AM
Although educational background is considered a key determinant of 🌍 international student mobility (ISM), it is worth taking a broader look at how migration background, income structure, parental prosperity, field of study, and HEI characteristics shape ISM participation.
Have a browse below!
Have a browse below!
Reposted by Martin Unger
There’s growing awareness around the mental health challenges students face. #WorldMentalHealthDay is a great chance to discuss is even more.
For doing it in evidence-based way, #EUROSTUDENT can provide you with some data:
👉https://rb.gy/g0acbj
👉https://rb.gy/avrl5s
For doing it in evidence-based way, #EUROSTUDENT can provide you with some data:
👉https://rb.gy/g0acbj
👉https://rb.gy/avrl5s
October 10, 2025 at 7:01 AM
There’s growing awareness around the mental health challenges students face. #WorldMentalHealthDay is a great chance to discuss is even more.
For doing it in evidence-based way, #EUROSTUDENT can provide you with some data:
👉https://rb.gy/g0acbj
👉https://rb.gy/avrl5s
For doing it in evidence-based way, #EUROSTUDENT can provide you with some data:
👉https://rb.gy/g0acbj
👉https://rb.gy/avrl5s
Reposted by Martin Unger
🎈 MILA startet morgen!
🛒 Dein Mitmach-Supermarkt in Wien
📍 Vivenotgasse 29, 1120 Wien
🥕 Bio & regional zu sehr guten Preisen
🤝 Solidarisch, transparent, ohne Profitdenken
⏰ Ab 10.10.: Mo, Di, Do, Fr: 8–20 Uhr | Sa: 8–18 Uhr
Neugierig? Komm einfach Schnuppereinkaufen!
🌐 mila.wien/mitglied-werden
🛒 Dein Mitmach-Supermarkt in Wien
📍 Vivenotgasse 29, 1120 Wien
🥕 Bio & regional zu sehr guten Preisen
🤝 Solidarisch, transparent, ohne Profitdenken
⏰ Ab 10.10.: Mo, Di, Do, Fr: 8–20 Uhr | Sa: 8–18 Uhr
Neugierig? Komm einfach Schnuppereinkaufen!
🌐 mila.wien/mitglied-werden
October 9, 2025 at 5:05 PM
🎈 MILA startet morgen!
🛒 Dein Mitmach-Supermarkt in Wien
📍 Vivenotgasse 29, 1120 Wien
🥕 Bio & regional zu sehr guten Preisen
🤝 Solidarisch, transparent, ohne Profitdenken
⏰ Ab 10.10.: Mo, Di, Do, Fr: 8–20 Uhr | Sa: 8–18 Uhr
Neugierig? Komm einfach Schnuppereinkaufen!
🌐 mila.wien/mitglied-werden
🛒 Dein Mitmach-Supermarkt in Wien
📍 Vivenotgasse 29, 1120 Wien
🥕 Bio & regional zu sehr guten Preisen
🤝 Solidarisch, transparent, ohne Profitdenken
⏰ Ab 10.10.: Mo, Di, Do, Fr: 8–20 Uhr | Sa: 8–18 Uhr
Neugierig? Komm einfach Schnuppereinkaufen!
🌐 mila.wien/mitglied-werden
Reposted by Martin Unger
#estudiantes #universidad
📢 23/10, 11:00
👍 Próximo #EUROSTUDENT Talks
Centrado en los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior.
🎥 Webinar gratuito
Inscripción: tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
📢 23/10, 11:00
👍 Próximo #EUROSTUDENT Talks
Centrado en los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior.
🎥 Webinar gratuito
Inscripción: tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
As part of October’s World Access to Higher Education Day, we invite you to join a special edition of EUROSTUDENT Talks on October 23, focusing on students with disabilities in higher education.
Register 👉 tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
Register 👉 tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
October 8, 2025 at 12:34 PM
#estudiantes #universidad
📢 23/10, 11:00
👍 Próximo #EUROSTUDENT Talks
Centrado en los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior.
🎥 Webinar gratuito
Inscripción: tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
📢 23/10, 11:00
👍 Próximo #EUROSTUDENT Talks
Centrado en los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior.
🎥 Webinar gratuito
Inscripción: tinyurl.com/2ymnhxpe
Reposted by Martin Unger
As per the latest EuroStudent Report:
🏠 37% goes to accommodation, (yes...we know!)
🍽️ 23% to food
🚌 7% to transportation
The rest? Well, that’s for everything else student life throws at you. We urge the EU to take action and be ambitious with the upcoming housing action plan.
🏠 37% goes to accommodation, (yes...we know!)
🍽️ 23% to food
🚌 7% to transportation
The rest? Well, that’s for everything else student life throws at you. We urge the EU to take action and be ambitious with the upcoming housing action plan.
October 6, 2025 at 2:12 PM
As per the latest EuroStudent Report:
🏠 37% goes to accommodation, (yes...we know!)
🍽️ 23% to food
🚌 7% to transportation
The rest? Well, that’s for everything else student life throws at you. We urge the EU to take action and be ambitious with the upcoming housing action plan.
🏠 37% goes to accommodation, (yes...we know!)
🍽️ 23% to food
🚌 7% to transportation
The rest? Well, that’s for everything else student life throws at you. We urge the EU to take action and be ambitious with the upcoming housing action plan.
Reposted by Martin Unger
Across EUROSTUDENT countries, 26% of students face an accommodation cost overburden.
International students report it even more often than domestic ones. The burden is also heavier for those relying on public student support. Also, students w. financial difficulties are far more likely to struggle.
International students report it even more often than domestic ones. The burden is also heavier for those relying on public student support. Also, students w. financial difficulties are far more likely to struggle.
October 6, 2025 at 7:25 AM
Across EUROSTUDENT countries, 26% of students face an accommodation cost overburden.
International students report it even more often than domestic ones. The burden is also heavier for those relying on public student support. Also, students w. financial difficulties are far more likely to struggle.
International students report it even more often than domestic ones. The burden is also heavier for those relying on public student support. Also, students w. financial difficulties are far more likely to struggle.
Reposted by Martin Unger
When looking at students' time budget, 🇱🇻 Latvian and 🇵🇱 Polish students top the charts, spending 54 hours/week on study & work — compared to just 41 hours in 🇫🇷 France. On average, part-time students clock 10 more hours weekly than full-timers, mostly due to working nearly 3× as much (32h vs 11h).
September 29, 2025 at 7:15 AM
When looking at students' time budget, 🇱🇻 Latvian and 🇵🇱 Polish students top the charts, spending 54 hours/week on study & work — compared to just 41 hours in 🇫🇷 France. On average, part-time students clock 10 more hours weekly than full-timers, mostly due to working nearly 3× as much (32h vs 11h).
Reposted by Martin Unger
Sehr gut. Und bitte einen jährlichen Fragebogen an die leute aufsetzen, wie es ihnen geht&Vergleich Organisation&Finanzierung der Forschung/-seinrichtungen USA vs AT, was kann man besser machen... die Leute als Informationsquelle für Reformmöglichkeiten nutzen.. 1/2
science.orf.at/stories/3232...
science.orf.at/stories/3232...
25 Forschende erhalten ÖAW-Stipendien
Die unsichere Situation für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in den USA angesichts der drastischen Forschungspolitik von Präsident Donald Trump ist Impuls für ein neues Förderprogramm in Öster...
science.orf.at
September 25, 2025 at 9:25 AM
Sehr gut. Und bitte einen jährlichen Fragebogen an die leute aufsetzen, wie es ihnen geht&Vergleich Organisation&Finanzierung der Forschung/-seinrichtungen USA vs AT, was kann man besser machen... die Leute als Informationsquelle für Reformmöglichkeiten nutzen.. 1/2
science.orf.at/stories/3232...
science.orf.at/stories/3232...
Reposted by Martin Unger
Can you imagine a more scenic place for intensively checking #EUROSTUDENT data and coding together with @ihs.ac.at & @joriscuppen.bsky.social?
Researchers from 🇨🇾, 🇵🇱, 🇸🇰, 🇨🇿, 🇫🇮, 🇳🇴, 🇭🇷 & 🇱🇹 met this week for data delivery seminars in Altes Kloster in 🇦🇹Hainburg.
Thanks for all the participants! 👋
Researchers from 🇨🇾, 🇵🇱, 🇸🇰, 🇨🇿, 🇫🇮, 🇳🇴, 🇭🇷 & 🇱🇹 met this week for data delivery seminars in Altes Kloster in 🇦🇹Hainburg.
Thanks for all the participants! 👋
September 19, 2025 at 12:57 PM
Can you imagine a more scenic place for intensively checking #EUROSTUDENT data and coding together with @ihs.ac.at & @joriscuppen.bsky.social?
Researchers from 🇨🇾, 🇵🇱, 🇸🇰, 🇨🇿, 🇫🇮, 🇳🇴, 🇭🇷 & 🇱🇹 met this week for data delivery seminars in Altes Kloster in 🇦🇹Hainburg.
Thanks for all the participants! 👋
Researchers from 🇨🇾, 🇵🇱, 🇸🇰, 🇨🇿, 🇫🇮, 🇳🇴, 🇭🇷 & 🇱🇹 met this week for data delivery seminars in Altes Kloster in 🇦🇹Hainburg.
Thanks for all the participants! 👋
Reposted by Martin Unger
EUROSTUDENT Talks is back from the summer break!👋
Come join the webinar on 18.09.
With student representatives Viktoriia Hermanchuk & Volodymyr Sydiaha we'll dicuss how has the war in 🇺🇦 Ukraine shaped HE and what can we learn from it when it comes to resilience & adaptation.
Sign up 👉 rb.gy/yd70yr
Come join the webinar on 18.09.
With student representatives Viktoriia Hermanchuk & Volodymyr Sydiaha we'll dicuss how has the war in 🇺🇦 Ukraine shaped HE and what can we learn from it when it comes to resilience & adaptation.
Sign up 👉 rb.gy/yd70yr
September 10, 2025 at 12:10 PM
EUROSTUDENT Talks is back from the summer break!👋
Come join the webinar on 18.09.
With student representatives Viktoriia Hermanchuk & Volodymyr Sydiaha we'll dicuss how has the war in 🇺🇦 Ukraine shaped HE and what can we learn from it when it comes to resilience & adaptation.
Sign up 👉 rb.gy/yd70yr
Come join the webinar on 18.09.
With student representatives Viktoriia Hermanchuk & Volodymyr Sydiaha we'll dicuss how has the war in 🇺🇦 Ukraine shaped HE and what can we learn from it when it comes to resilience & adaptation.
Sign up 👉 rb.gy/yd70yr
Reposted by Martin Unger
#universidad #estudiantes
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
September 6, 2025 at 11:43 AM
#universidad #estudiantes
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
Reposted by Martin Unger
🧑💼 ➡️ 🧑🎓
Did you know that in 🇮🇸 Iceland (62%), 🇩🇰 Denmark (52%), and 🇸🇪 Sweden (49%), many students arrive at university with serious work experience (1+ year, 20+ hrs/week)?
Did you know that in 🇮🇸 Iceland (62%), 🇩🇰 Denmark (52%), and 🇸🇪 Sweden (49%), many students arrive at university with serious work experience (1+ year, 20+ hrs/week)?
September 1, 2025 at 7:18 AM
🧑💼 ➡️ 🧑🎓
Did you know that in 🇮🇸 Iceland (62%), 🇩🇰 Denmark (52%), and 🇸🇪 Sweden (49%), many students arrive at university with serious work experience (1+ year, 20+ hrs/week)?
Did you know that in 🇮🇸 Iceland (62%), 🇩🇰 Denmark (52%), and 🇸🇪 Sweden (49%), many students arrive at university with serious work experience (1+ year, 20+ hrs/week)?
Reposted by Martin Unger
#universidad #estudiantes #highered
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
August 18, 2025 at 10:51 AM
#universidad #estudiantes #highered
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
📢 Una de las novedades de la 8ª ronda de #EUROSTUDENT (2021-2024) ha sido la incorporación de España a la investigación
📊 Se puede acceder a todos los datos, también los referidos a los universitarios españoles en:
🔗 database.eurostudent.eu
Reposted by Martin Unger
EUROSTUDENT data shows that there's a great variance in the share of delayed transition students between different countries. The highest share of them can be found in Finland (34%), followed by Sweden & Iceland. The smallest shares of the group occur in France & Georgia.
More 👉 tinyurl.com/4myj5xjx
More 👉 tinyurl.com/4myj5xjx
August 18, 2025 at 7:25 AM
EUROSTUDENT data shows that there's a great variance in the share of delayed transition students between different countries. The highest share of them can be found in Finland (34%), followed by Sweden & Iceland. The smallest shares of the group occur in France & Georgia.
More 👉 tinyurl.com/4myj5xjx
More 👉 tinyurl.com/4myj5xjx
Reposted by Martin Unger
Did you know that women are more likely than men to come from non-tertiary educated families in all EUROSTUDENT countries except 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan, 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇩🇰 Denmark, 🇮🇪 Ireland, and 🇲🇹 Malta? And that domestic students more often come from non-tertiary educated families than international students?
August 14, 2025 at 7:29 AM
Did you know that women are more likely than men to come from non-tertiary educated families in all EUROSTUDENT countries except 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan, 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇩🇰 Denmark, 🇮🇪 Ireland, and 🇲🇹 Malta? And that domestic students more often come from non-tertiary educated families than international students?
Reposted by Martin Unger
🎓✈️ Studying abroad? 64% of students get full credit for temporary enrolments — but internships lag at just 44%.
Big gaps by country:
🇫🇮 Finland leads on internship credit (86%), while 🇭🇷 Croatia & 🇬🇪 Georgia lag behind (~20%);
🇭🇺 Hungary: only 40% full recognition for studies abroad
Big gaps by country:
🇫🇮 Finland leads on internship credit (86%), while 🇭🇷 Croatia & 🇬🇪 Georgia lag behind (~20%);
🇭🇺 Hungary: only 40% full recognition for studies abroad
August 4, 2025 at 7:30 AM
🎓✈️ Studying abroad? 64% of students get full credit for temporary enrolments — but internships lag at just 44%.
Big gaps by country:
🇫🇮 Finland leads on internship credit (86%), while 🇭🇷 Croatia & 🇬🇪 Georgia lag behind (~20%);
🇭🇺 Hungary: only 40% full recognition for studies abroad
Big gaps by country:
🇫🇮 Finland leads on internship credit (86%), while 🇭🇷 Croatia & 🇬🇪 Georgia lag behind (~20%);
🇭🇺 Hungary: only 40% full recognition for studies abroad
Reposted by Martin Unger
In EUROSTUDENT, Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) is used as a common aritificial currency.
1 PPS = same value basket in all EU-27 states, cutting out exchange rate & price level noise.
Below, accommodation costs in PPS are shown by form of housing for students not living with their parents 👇
1 PPS = same value basket in all EU-27 states, cutting out exchange rate & price level noise.
Below, accommodation costs in PPS are shown by form of housing for students not living with their parents 👇
July 31, 2025 at 7:35 AM
In EUROSTUDENT, Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) is used as a common aritificial currency.
1 PPS = same value basket in all EU-27 states, cutting out exchange rate & price level noise.
Below, accommodation costs in PPS are shown by form of housing for students not living with their parents 👇
1 PPS = same value basket in all EU-27 states, cutting out exchange rate & price level noise.
Below, accommodation costs in PPS are shown by form of housing for students not living with their parents 👇