Abstract. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-hydrolyzing enzymes (PETases) are a recently discovered enzyme class capable of plastic degradation. PETases are

Once considered a bag of enzymes, bacterial cells do not simply hold their proteins in the bag but have evolved multiple protein secretion systems to release proteins outside for crucial functions. These secretion systems are often required for mediating intra- and inter-cellular interactions in diverse polymicrobial environments, virulence, and survival during pathogen-host interactions (1–3). Therefore, bacterial secretion systems have received tremendous attention and broad interest despite their non-essential role in survival in pure cultures. Among the known systems, most secrete proteins across the double membrane of Gram-negative bacteria through one- or two-step mechanisms (4). One-step systems (T1SS, T3SS, T4SS, T6SS, and T7SS) form trans-membrane tunnels that translocate substrates directly from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment (5–9). Two-step systems (T2SS and T5SS) use Sec or Tat translocation systems to move effectors across the inner membrane to the periplasm before secretion across the outer membrane (10, 11). These systems secrete diverse effectors involved in stress mitigation, nutrient acquisition, host-microbe interactions, and modulation of polymicrobial communities (12–16).

Published in Bio Systems

Tiny 5 cm long bone allows insights into crucial period when Neanderthals disappeared and Homo sapiens replaced them

How did life begin, and why does it matter? Scientists are tracing early microbial life—from LUCA to multicellularity—to unlock insights for biotech, climate science and even space exploration.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience - Recent studies have shed further light on the evolutionary origins of chemical synapses, In this Review, Colgren and Burkhardt explore how ancient proteins were...

Pan-Mod-seq enables systematic, multi-modification mapping of rRNA across life. Applying it to diverse organisms reveals that hyperthermophiles dynamically install stabilizing modifications to support...

Abstract. Natural chromosomal transformation (NCT) in Bacillus subtilis requires RecA and its accessory proteins including RecX and RecD2. Inactivation of

Published in The ISME journal

Marine algae support the entire ocean ecosystem and greatly impact planetary biology. The availability of algae in culture poorly represents their large environmental diversity, and we still have a li...