Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
@ichejournal.bsky.social
Journal of Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | Publication of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/information/about-this-journal
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/information/about-this-journal
🆕 New in ICHE: Can we make VRE screening more efficient?
Authors found:
▶️ VRE+ patients had recent high-risk antibiotic exposure
▶️ Using abx-guided screening = avoided 50% of tests
▶️ VRE+ rate = 5.6% w/ targeted vs 2.6% overall
▶️ Maintained 100% NPV
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Authors found:
▶️ VRE+ patients had recent high-risk antibiotic exposure
▶️ Using abx-guided screening = avoided 50% of tests
▶️ VRE+ rate = 5.6% w/ targeted vs 2.6% overall
▶️ Maintained 100% NPV
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Antibiotic-exposure guided prevalence screening for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: better value for hospitals | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | Cambridge Core
Antibiotic-exposure guided prevalence screening for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: better value for hospitals
doi.org
November 10, 2025 at 8:12 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Can we make VRE screening more efficient?
Authors found:
▶️ VRE+ patients had recent high-risk antibiotic exposure
▶️ Using abx-guided screening = avoided 50% of tests
▶️ VRE+ rate = 5.6% w/ targeted vs 2.6% overall
▶️ Maintained 100% NPV
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Authors found:
▶️ VRE+ patients had recent high-risk antibiotic exposure
▶️ Using abx-guided screening = avoided 50% of tests
▶️ VRE+ rate = 5.6% w/ targeted vs 2.6% overall
▶️ Maintained 100% NPV
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
NEW in ICHE: Environmental and human health impact of contact precautions
In LA County, contact precautions for MRSA/VRE:
▶️ Use 7.3 million gowns annually
▶️ Generate 506 tons of plastic waste
▶️ 1.73 million kgs of CO2 equivalents
= -4.07 DALYs
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
In LA County, contact precautions for MRSA/VRE:
▶️ Use 7.3 million gowns annually
▶️ Generate 506 tons of plastic waste
▶️ 1.73 million kgs of CO2 equivalents
= -4.07 DALYs
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
November 7, 2025 at 7:41 PM
NEW in ICHE: Environmental and human health impact of contact precautions
In LA County, contact precautions for MRSA/VRE:
▶️ Use 7.3 million gowns annually
▶️ Generate 506 tons of plastic waste
▶️ 1.73 million kgs of CO2 equivalents
= -4.07 DALYs
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
In LA County, contact precautions for MRSA/VRE:
▶️ Use 7.3 million gowns annually
▶️ Generate 506 tons of plastic waste
▶️ 1.73 million kgs of CO2 equivalents
= -4.07 DALYs
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
NEW in ICHE by @pamipenem.bsky.social and others:
Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): a helpful way to increase learner's confidence in IPC skills and acknowledge that teamwork does make the dream work
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): a helpful way to increase learner's confidence in IPC skills and acknowledge that teamwork does make the dream work
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
November 5, 2025 at 2:52 PM
NEW in ICHE by @pamipenem.bsky.social and others:
Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): a helpful way to increase learner's confidence in IPC skills and acknowledge that teamwork does make the dream work
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): a helpful way to increase learner's confidence in IPC skills and acknowledge that teamwork does make the dream work
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Genomic epidemiology of HAI respiratory viruses in Pittsburgh, 2018–2020
🧬 WGS of 436 healthcare-associated respiratory virus infections:
• 14 clusters ▶️ 36 patients
• Clusters often in a single unit
• Avg cluster duration 16 days (range 0-55)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🧬 WGS of 436 healthcare-associated respiratory virus infections:
• 14 clusters ▶️ 36 patients
• Clusters often in a single unit
• Avg cluster duration 16 days (range 0-55)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
November 4, 2025 at 7:06 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Genomic epidemiology of HAI respiratory viruses in Pittsburgh, 2018–2020
🧬 WGS of 436 healthcare-associated respiratory virus infections:
• 14 clusters ▶️ 36 patients
• Clusters often in a single unit
• Avg cluster duration 16 days (range 0-55)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🧬 WGS of 436 healthcare-associated respiratory virus infections:
• 14 clusters ▶️ 36 patients
• Clusters often in a single unit
• Avg cluster duration 16 days (range 0-55)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Reposted by Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
New multisociety guidance from SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed & AGS offers an updated framework for infection prevention in nursing homes—balancing safety with a homelike environment.
Read in ICHE: bit.ly/47vOSCV
Read in ICHE: bit.ly/47vOSCV
October 30, 2025 at 3:05 PM
New multisociety guidance from SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed & AGS offers an updated framework for infection prevention in nursing homes—balancing safety with a homelike environment.
Read in ICHE: bit.ly/47vOSCV
Read in ICHE: bit.ly/47vOSCV
🆕 New in ICHE: How prepared are Canadian hospitals for Candida auris?
A CNISP survey of 55 hospitals found:
--87.3% had C. auris on their notifiable/reportable pathogen list
--70.9% used PCR for identification
--30.9% reported C. auris cases between 2012–2022
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A CNISP survey of 55 hospitals found:
--87.3% had C. auris on their notifiable/reportable pathogen list
--70.9% used PCR for identification
--30.9% reported C. auris cases between 2012–2022
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 30, 2025 at 3:13 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: How prepared are Canadian hospitals for Candida auris?
A CNISP survey of 55 hospitals found:
--87.3% had C. auris on their notifiable/reportable pathogen list
--70.9% used PCR for identification
--30.9% reported C. auris cases between 2012–2022
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A CNISP survey of 55 hospitals found:
--87.3% had C. auris on their notifiable/reportable pathogen list
--70.9% used PCR for identification
--30.9% reported C. auris cases between 2012–2022
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Reposted by Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
Now out in @ichejournal.bsky.social, our teaching elective that we put together while grant funding still existed--we made IP fun, and students gained confidence in their skills. <3 my team and am glad to see this out there! doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 27, 2025 at 8:48 PM
Now out in @ichejournal.bsky.social, our teaching elective that we put together while grant funding still existed--we made IP fun, and students gained confidence in their skills. <3 my team and am glad to see this out there! doi.org/10.1017/ice....
New multi-society implementation and practice recs for IPC in nursing homes.
How to balance safety and home-like care. An essential resource for IPC program leaders
with SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed, PIDS
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
How to balance safety and home-like care. An essential resource for IPC program leaders
with SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed, PIDS
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 28, 2025 at 2:28 PM
New multi-society implementation and practice recs for IPC in nursing homes.
How to balance safety and home-like care. An essential resource for IPC program leaders
with SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed, PIDS
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
How to balance safety and home-like care. An essential resource for IPC program leaders
with SHEA, APIC, IDSA, PALTmed, PIDS
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: What drives repeat C. difficile testing?
-Repeat testing within 7 days was (4.5%) across VA hospitals
-Most repeat tests were negative (OR=3.62), canceled (OR=8.52)
-More likely w/ residents, long-term care/ICU settings, & positive initial tests
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
-Repeat testing within 7 days was (4.5%) across VA hospitals
-Most repeat tests were negative (OR=3.62), canceled (OR=8.52)
-More likely w/ residents, long-term care/ICU settings, & positive initial tests
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 24, 2025 at 2:15 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: What drives repeat C. difficile testing?
-Repeat testing within 7 days was (4.5%) across VA hospitals
-Most repeat tests were negative (OR=3.62), canceled (OR=8.52)
-More likely w/ residents, long-term care/ICU settings, & positive initial tests
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
-Repeat testing within 7 days was (4.5%) across VA hospitals
-Most repeat tests were negative (OR=3.62), canceled (OR=8.52)
-More likely w/ residents, long-term care/ICU settings, & positive initial tests
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Our EIC @davidcalfeemd.bsky.social giving an update to the @sheaepi.bsky.social publications committee at #IDWeek2025!
October 21, 2025 at 11:57 AM
Our EIC @davidcalfeemd.bsky.social giving an update to the @sheaepi.bsky.social publications committee at #IDWeek2025!
October 20, 2025 at 11:51 AM
🆕 New in ICHE: Mycobacterium fortuitum outbreak linked to two outpatient surgery centers.
▶️ 17 cases across 2 facilities
▶️ Most common procedure: knee replacement
▶️ Concerning gaps: delayed reporting, lack of certified personnel in IP and reprocessing
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
▶️ 17 cases across 2 facilities
▶️ Most common procedure: knee replacement
▶️ Concerning gaps: delayed reporting, lack of certified personnel in IP and reprocessing
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 15, 2025 at 2:16 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Mycobacterium fortuitum outbreak linked to two outpatient surgery centers.
▶️ 17 cases across 2 facilities
▶️ Most common procedure: knee replacement
▶️ Concerning gaps: delayed reporting, lack of certified personnel in IP and reprocessing
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
▶️ 17 cases across 2 facilities
▶️ Most common procedure: knee replacement
▶️ Concerning gaps: delayed reporting, lack of certified personnel in IP and reprocessing
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Factors associated w/ HCP glove & gown contamination of MRSA
Contamination:
Gloves or gown: 713/3,832 (18.6%) of the time
Gloves: 15.4%
Gowns: 8.3%
Touching:
Patient: 622/2,901 (21.4%)
Environment: 91/931 (9.8%)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Contamination:
Gloves or gown: 713/3,832 (18.6%) of the time
Gloves: 15.4%
Gowns: 8.3%
Touching:
Patient: 622/2,901 (21.4%)
Environment: 91/931 (9.8%)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 10, 2025 at 1:57 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Factors associated w/ HCP glove & gown contamination of MRSA
Contamination:
Gloves or gown: 713/3,832 (18.6%) of the time
Gloves: 15.4%
Gowns: 8.3%
Touching:
Patient: 622/2,901 (21.4%)
Environment: 91/931 (9.8%)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Contamination:
Gloves or gown: 713/3,832 (18.6%) of the time
Gloves: 15.4%
Gowns: 8.3%
Touching:
Patient: 622/2,901 (21.4%)
Environment: 91/931 (9.8%)
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Can beard covers improve speech intelligibility while maintaining respirator fit?
An under-mask elastic band beard cover with N95/P2 respirators found no meaningful impact on speech or hearing offering potential for inclusive PPE strategies
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
An under-mask elastic band beard cover with N95/P2 respirators found no meaningful impact on speech or hearing offering potential for inclusive PPE strategies
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
October 6, 2025 at 3:38 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Can beard covers improve speech intelligibility while maintaining respirator fit?
An under-mask elastic band beard cover with N95/P2 respirators found no meaningful impact on speech or hearing offering potential for inclusive PPE strategies
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
An under-mask elastic band beard cover with N95/P2 respirators found no meaningful impact on speech or hearing offering potential for inclusive PPE strategies
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE:
A blood culture algorithm safely reduced unnecessary cultures in SOT recipients - 25% were inappropriate, none missed true infections.
Findings support expanding diagnostic stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A blood culture algorithm safely reduced unnecessary cultures in SOT recipients - 25% were inappropriate, none missed true infections.
Findings support expanding diagnostic stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 29, 2025 at 2:06 PM
🆕 New in ICHE:
A blood culture algorithm safely reduced unnecessary cultures in SOT recipients - 25% were inappropriate, none missed true infections.
Findings support expanding diagnostic stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A blood culture algorithm safely reduced unnecessary cultures in SOT recipients - 25% were inappropriate, none missed true infections.
Findings support expanding diagnostic stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: An EHR-based intervention reduced unnecessary testing & treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults
This approach shows promise in minimizing overtreatment and supporting antimicrobial stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
This approach shows promise in minimizing overtreatment and supporting antimicrobial stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 23, 2025 at 1:50 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: An EHR-based intervention reduced unnecessary testing & treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults
This approach shows promise in minimizing overtreatment and supporting antimicrobial stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
This approach shows promise in minimizing overtreatment and supporting antimicrobial stewardship
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New from Branch-Elliman et al: 2-part series in ICHE on de-/implementation science to IP&C and ASP
📄 Part I: Life cycle of interventions on adoption to de-implementation
📄 Part II: A practical roadmap w/ real-world examples
#IDSky
Part I: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Part II: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
📄 Part I: Life cycle of interventions on adoption to de-implementation
📄 Part II: A practical roadmap w/ real-world examples
#IDSky
Part I: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Part II: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 18, 2025 at 2:18 PM
🆕 New from Branch-Elliman et al: 2-part series in ICHE on de-/implementation science to IP&C and ASP
📄 Part I: Life cycle of interventions on adoption to de-implementation
📄 Part II: A practical roadmap w/ real-world examples
#IDSky
Part I: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Part II: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
📄 Part I: Life cycle of interventions on adoption to de-implementation
📄 Part II: A practical roadmap w/ real-world examples
#IDSky
Part I: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Part II: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Reposted by Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
Our new paper in @ichejournal.bsky.social: a cluster of healthcare-associated Burkholderia sola infections via WGS
➡️ B sola is a newly described BCC species
➡️ We detected 2 infxs via donor derived lung Tx + forward transmission
#IDSky
www.cambridge.org/core/journal...
➡️ B sola is a newly described BCC species
➡️ We detected 2 infxs via donor derived lung Tx + forward transmission
#IDSky
www.cambridge.org/core/journal...
September 8, 2025 at 11:49 AM
Our new paper in @ichejournal.bsky.social: a cluster of healthcare-associated Burkholderia sola infections via WGS
➡️ B sola is a newly described BCC species
➡️ We detected 2 infxs via donor derived lung Tx + forward transmission
#IDSky
www.cambridge.org/core/journal...
➡️ B sola is a newly described BCC species
➡️ We detected 2 infxs via donor derived lung Tx + forward transmission
#IDSky
www.cambridge.org/core/journal...
🆕 New in ICHE: How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact HAIs and AMR in Canadian hospitals?
📈 This interrupted time series study (2018–2022) found significant increase in HAIs and AMR organisms following the onset of the pandemic
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
📈 This interrupted time series study (2018–2022) found significant increase in HAIs and AMR organisms following the onset of the pandemic
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 18, 2025 at 2:09 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact HAIs and AMR in Canadian hospitals?
📈 This interrupted time series study (2018–2022) found significant increase in HAIs and AMR organisms following the onset of the pandemic
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
📈 This interrupted time series study (2018–2022) found significant increase in HAIs and AMR organisms following the onset of the pandemic
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Can far-UVC handheld devices improve disinfection of high-touch surfaces?
Filtered 222 nm handheld UV device ⬇️ surface bacteria by up to 83% and genomic analysis identified MDROs persisting in the environment, underscoring both promise & limits
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Filtered 222 nm handheld UV device ⬇️ surface bacteria by up to 83% and genomic analysis identified MDROs persisting in the environment, underscoring both promise & limits
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 5, 2025 at 1:40 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Can far-UVC handheld devices improve disinfection of high-touch surfaces?
Filtered 222 nm handheld UV device ⬇️ surface bacteria by up to 83% and genomic analysis identified MDROs persisting in the environment, underscoring both promise & limits
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Filtered 222 nm handheld UV device ⬇️ surface bacteria by up to 83% and genomic analysis identified MDROs persisting in the environment, underscoring both promise & limits
#IDSky
📃: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Can mobile health tools engage patients in infection prevention?
This study piloted an mHealth app in clinical settings to support hand hygiene, device care, and other practices with insights on feasibility, workflow, & barriers to adoption
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
This study piloted an mHealth app in clinical settings to support hand hygiene, device care, and other practices with insights on feasibility, workflow, & barriers to adoption
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
September 2, 2025 at 2:27 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Can mobile health tools engage patients in infection prevention?
This study piloted an mHealth app in clinical settings to support hand hygiene, device care, and other practices with insights on feasibility, workflow, & barriers to adoption
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
This study piloted an mHealth app in clinical settings to support hand hygiene, device care, and other practices with insights on feasibility, workflow, & barriers to adoption
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Can Enhanced Barrier Precautions reduce S. aureus and CRO transmission in nursing home ventilator units?
A pre-post study of over 12,000 residents shows promise but persistent colonization and transmission remain challenges
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A pre-post study of over 12,000 residents shows promise but persistent colonization and transmission remain challenges
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
August 26, 2025 at 2:06 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Can Enhanced Barrier Precautions reduce S. aureus and CRO transmission in nursing home ventilator units?
A pre-post study of over 12,000 residents shows promise but persistent colonization and transmission remain challenges
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
A pre-post study of over 12,000 residents shows promise but persistent colonization and transmission remain challenges
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: A mixed-methods study explores bias and discrimination experienced by antimicrobial stewards
Findings highlight structural inequities and the need for improved support, recognition, and inclusion in stewardship roles.
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Findings highlight structural inequities and the need for improved support, recognition, and inclusion in stewardship roles.
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
August 20, 2025 at 2:03 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: A mixed-methods study explores bias and discrimination experienced by antimicrobial stewards
Findings highlight structural inequities and the need for improved support, recognition, and inclusion in stewardship roles.
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Findings highlight structural inequities and the need for improved support, recognition, and inclusion in stewardship roles.
#IDsky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
🆕 New in ICHE: Case report of the 15th U.S. case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), identified in Michigan in 2021.
Includes epidemiologic investigation and genomic analysis plus implications for IPC and antimicrobial stewardship.
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Includes epidemiologic investigation and genomic analysis plus implications for IPC and antimicrobial stewardship.
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
August 14, 2025 at 1:26 PM
🆕 New in ICHE: Case report of the 15th U.S. case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), identified in Michigan in 2021.
Includes epidemiologic investigation and genomic analysis plus implications for IPC and antimicrobial stewardship.
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Includes epidemiologic investigation and genomic analysis plus implications for IPC and antimicrobial stewardship.
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
Reposted by Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
TLDR; We propose an optimized ASE 2.0 definition:
- allow POA infection diagnosis codes to anchor infection
- include pts discharged alive on QAD 3
- include hypotension w/out pressors (>/= 2 readings in 6h)
- include NIV or HFNC (>/= 2 days)
- minor changes in Plt, Cr, and Tbili thresholds
- allow POA infection diagnosis codes to anchor infection
- include pts discharged alive on QAD 3
- include hypotension w/out pressors (>/= 2 readings in 6h)
- include NIV or HFNC (>/= 2 days)
- minor changes in Plt, Cr, and Tbili thresholds
🆕 New in ICHE: How should the CDC’s Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) definition evolve?
This study modeled potential modifications and found tradeoffs between incidence, mortality, and clinical validity offering insight into how changes could shape surveillance
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
This study modeled potential modifications and found tradeoffs between incidence, mortality, and clinical validity offering insight into how changes could shape surveillance
#IDSky
📄: doi.org/10.1017/ice....
August 7, 2025 at 12:11 AM
TLDR; We propose an optimized ASE 2.0 definition:
- allow POA infection diagnosis codes to anchor infection
- include pts discharged alive on QAD 3
- include hypotension w/out pressors (>/= 2 readings in 6h)
- include NIV or HFNC (>/= 2 days)
- minor changes in Plt, Cr, and Tbili thresholds
- allow POA infection diagnosis codes to anchor infection
- include pts discharged alive on QAD 3
- include hypotension w/out pressors (>/= 2 readings in 6h)
- include NIV or HFNC (>/= 2 days)
- minor changes in Plt, Cr, and Tbili thresholds