Tobias Heidland
@heidland.bsky.social
Econ prof studying migration, international finance, international economics, and their roles in development. @kielinstitute and @kieluni. RT ≠ endorsement.
Immer häufiger wird im öffentlichen Diskurs die Frage gestellt: Was nützt Entwicklungszusammenarbeit eigentlich uns selbst? Warum investieren wir Milliarden in andere Länder statt in die eigene Wirtschaft oder hiesige Sozialleistungen?
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
Identifying Mutual Interests: How Donor Countries Benefit from Foreign Aid | Kiel InstituteMenu
Official development assistance (ODA) is widely studied for its impact on recipient countries, but its effects on donor countries remain underexplored. To address this gap systematically, we develop a...
www.ifw-kiel.de
June 19, 2025 at 9:30 AM
Immer häufiger wird im öffentlichen Diskurs die Frage gestellt: Was nützt Entwicklungszusammenarbeit eigentlich uns selbst? Warum investieren wir Milliarden in andere Länder statt in die eigene Wirtschaft oder hiesige Sozialleistungen?
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
We are inviting submissions for the second Kiel CEPR conference on African economic development.
Please share with anyone who does exciting, policy relevant research broadly related to any of the topics covered in the call for papers. We look forward to reading your work!
Please share with anyone who does exciting, policy relevant research broadly related to any of the topics covered in the call for papers. We look forward to reading your work!
📢 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀: Africa stands at a crossroads—population growth, conflict, governance challenges & shifting donor priorities toward self-interest. How can finance & policy respond? Submit your research by June 17 👇
@cepr.org @heidland.bsky.social @upanizza.bsky.social @tl-beck.bsky.social
@cepr.org @heidland.bsky.social @upanizza.bsky.social @tl-beck.bsky.social
2nd KIEL-CEPR African Economic Development Conference (AEDC)
Understanding the Shifting Landscape of African Economic Development
ifw-kiel.de
May 21, 2025 at 4:46 PM
We are inviting submissions for the second Kiel CEPR conference on African economic development.
Please share with anyone who does exciting, policy relevant research broadly related to any of the topics covered in the call for papers. We look forward to reading your work!
Please share with anyone who does exciting, policy relevant research broadly related to any of the topics covered in the call for papers. We look forward to reading your work!
Interesting vibes in the announcement of the new German coalition. Future Chancellor Merz announces more deportations, an end to resettlement and family reunification for refugees, and to fast track nationalization. The socio democrats' leader starts reassuring citizens with migrant background.
April 9, 2025 at 1:28 PM
Interesting vibes in the announcement of the new German coalition. Future Chancellor Merz announces more deportations, an end to resettlement and family reunification for refugees, and to fast track nationalization. The socio democrats' leader starts reassuring citizens with migrant background.
Ich freue mich, hier mein Interview aus der aktuellen ZEIT zu teilen. Der demographische Wandel wird in Deutschland in den kommenden Jahren so richtig spürbar
Die neue Regierung sollte also den Mut haben, Fachkräftezuwanderung noch gezielter zu nutzen.
www.zeit.de/2025/10/migr...
Die neue Regierung sollte also den Mut haben, Fachkräftezuwanderung noch gezielter zu nutzen.
www.zeit.de/2025/10/migr...
Migrationsforschung : Könnten auch wir Visa per Los vergeben, Herr Heidland?
Deutschland braucht Zuwanderung. Wie man die Besten anwirbt, die Ungelernten in Jobs bringt – und was Visa-Lotterien dabei bewirken, erklärt der Ökonom Tobias Heidland.
www.zeit.de
March 11, 2025 at 6:06 AM
Ich freue mich, hier mein Interview aus der aktuellen ZEIT zu teilen. Der demographische Wandel wird in Deutschland in den kommenden Jahren so richtig spürbar
Die neue Regierung sollte also den Mut haben, Fachkräftezuwanderung noch gezielter zu nutzen.
www.zeit.de/2025/10/migr...
Die neue Regierung sollte also den Mut haben, Fachkräftezuwanderung noch gezielter zu nutzen.
www.zeit.de/2025/10/migr...
Call for Papers!
We are inviting submissions for the GDE conference. If your research is on developing countries, send us your papers.
The GDE is international and anyone is welcome, it is simply called "German" development conference because it is organized by DEU, AUT, and SUI universities.
We are inviting submissions for the GDE conference. If your research is on developing countries, send us your papers.
The GDE is international and anyone is welcome, it is simply called "German" development conference because it is organized by DEU, AUT, and SUI universities.
December 11, 2024 at 6:17 AM
Call for Papers!
We are inviting submissions for the GDE conference. If your research is on developing countries, send us your papers.
The GDE is international and anyone is welcome, it is simply called "German" development conference because it is organized by DEU, AUT, and SUI universities.
We are inviting submissions for the GDE conference. If your research is on developing countries, send us your papers.
The GDE is international and anyone is welcome, it is simply called "German" development conference because it is organized by DEU, AUT, and SUI universities.
Considering a PhD in economics?
Then apply for our ASP program! You will get the best of two worlds: a rigorous PhD program broadening your horizon and equipping you with state of the art tools AND you will be based at an institution that deeply cares about policy and real-world impact
Then apply for our ASP program! You will get the best of two worlds: a rigorous PhD program broadening your horizon and equipping you with state of the art tools AND you will be based at an institution that deeply cares about policy and real-world impact
📢 Call for Applications: Kiel Advanced Studies Program (2025/26) 👉 www.ifw-kiel.de/phdprogram
After a very successful inaugural year, we are now accepting applications for the 2nd cohort of our full-fledged PhD program in International Economics!
🔹 Learn from top minds like Laura Alfaro,...
After a very successful inaugural year, we are now accepting applications for the 2nd cohort of our full-fledged PhD program in International Economics!
🔹 Learn from top minds like Laura Alfaro,...
December 6, 2024 at 8:39 PM
Considering a PhD in economics?
Then apply for our ASP program! You will get the best of two worlds: a rigorous PhD program broadening your horizon and equipping you with state of the art tools AND you will be based at an institution that deeply cares about policy and real-world impact
Then apply for our ASP program! You will get the best of two worlds: a rigorous PhD program broadening your horizon and equipping you with state of the art tools AND you will be based at an institution that deeply cares about policy and real-world impact
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Afrikas Potenziale für Deutschland: Fachkräfte, erneuerbare Energien & diversifizierte Lieferketten. @heidland.bsky.social & Rainer Thiele analysieren vor dem #GABS2024, wie Partnerschaften für beide Seiten gewinnbringend sein können und wo es derzeit noch hakt. 👇 @faznet.bsky.social
German African Business Summit, GABS – Investieren in Afrika
Viele Länder Afrikas könnten die deutschen Bedürfnisse an Arbeitskräften und an erneuerbaren Energien decken und dabei helfen, Lieferketten zu diversifizieren, analysieren zwei Afrikaforscher.
www.faz.net
November 28, 2024 at 9:52 AM
Afrikas Potenziale für Deutschland: Fachkräfte, erneuerbare Energien & diversifizierte Lieferketten. @heidland.bsky.social & Rainer Thiele analysieren vor dem #GABS2024, wie Partnerschaften für beide Seiten gewinnbringend sein können und wo es derzeit noch hakt. 👇 @faznet.bsky.social
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Apply apply apply!!!
CEPR Development Economics Annual Symposium Joint with Nova SBE --> 23-24 April 2025 in Lisbon!
cepr.org/events/event...
CEPR Development Economics Annual Symposium Joint with Nova SBE --> 23-24 April 2025 in Lisbon!
cepr.org/events/event...
CEPR Development Economics Annual Symposium Joint with Nova SBE 2025-1
Search the site
cepr.org
November 13, 2024 at 10:55 AM
Apply apply apply!!!
CEPR Development Economics Annual Symposium Joint with Nova SBE --> 23-24 April 2025 in Lisbon!
cepr.org/events/event...
CEPR Development Economics Annual Symposium Joint with Nova SBE --> 23-24 April 2025 in Lisbon!
cepr.org/events/event...
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Check out our @voxeu.org column on the #root #causes of #migration: foreign aid can temporarily reduce #irregular #migration but may lead to increased #regular migration as conditions improve over time. Policymakers should consider this when designing migration strategies.
ow.ly/nPoB50TWW5j
ow.ly/nPoB50TWW5j
Foreign aid and the ‘root causes’ of migration
Foreign aid is often used to address the root causes of migration as a way to reduce migrant flows. However, the effectiveness of such approaches remains unclear. This column combines individual survey data with data on World Bank projects and on bilateral migration flows to examine how foreign aid influences migration preferences and flows. Results show that aid can temporarily reduce irregular migration but may lead to increased regular migration as conditions improve over time. Policymakers should consider these dynamics when designing migration strategies to balance immediate and long-term effects.
ow.ly
November 4, 2024 at 9:45 AM
Check out our @voxeu.org column on the #root #causes of #migration: foreign aid can temporarily reduce #irregular #migration but may lead to increased #regular migration as conditions improve over time. Policymakers should consider this when designing migration strategies.
ow.ly/nPoB50TWW5j
ow.ly/nPoB50TWW5j
Unsere Kiel-CEPR-Göttingen Konferenz zu Chinas Rolle in der Weltwirtschaft ist gestartet.
Hier der Livestream für Keynotes, Policy Panels und Präsentation und Diskussionen von Forschungspapieren.
www.ifw-kiel.de/institute/ev...
Hier der Livestream für Keynotes, Policy Panels und Präsentation und Diskussionen von Forschungspapieren.
www.ifw-kiel.de/institute/ev...
China in the Global Economy - Kiel-Göttingen-CEPR Conference
The conference will serve as a nexus for leading scholars delving into China’s multifaceted role in the global economy.
www.ifw-kiel.de
June 27, 2024 at 8:17 AM
Unsere Kiel-CEPR-Göttingen Konferenz zu Chinas Rolle in der Weltwirtschaft ist gestartet.
Hier der Livestream für Keynotes, Policy Panels und Präsentation und Diskussionen von Forschungspapieren.
www.ifw-kiel.de/institute/ev...
Hier der Livestream für Keynotes, Policy Panels und Präsentation und Diskussionen von Forschungspapieren.
www.ifw-kiel.de/institute/ev...
🌍🌍Conference Alert!🌍🌍
We just published the Call for Papers for the Kiel-CEPR African Economic Development Conference! Submit your work by May 29 to join us in Berlin in September for an exciting two days of research and policy discussions. cepr.org/events/kiel-...
We just published the Call for Papers for the Kiel-CEPR African Economic Development Conference! Submit your work by May 29 to join us in Berlin in September for an exciting two days of research and policy discussions. cepr.org/events/kiel-...
The KIEL-CEPR African Economic Development Conference (AEDC)
cepr.org
April 30, 2024 at 5:01 PM
🌍🌍Conference Alert!🌍🌍
We just published the Call for Papers for the Kiel-CEPR African Economic Development Conference! Submit your work by May 29 to join us in Berlin in September for an exciting two days of research and policy discussions. cepr.org/events/kiel-...
We just published the Call for Papers for the Kiel-CEPR African Economic Development Conference! Submit your work by May 29 to join us in Berlin in September for an exciting two days of research and policy discussions. cepr.org/events/kiel-...
Decisive step for the most important asylum reform in the EU of the past decade
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
April 10, 2024 at 6:22 PM
Decisive step for the most important asylum reform in the EU of the past decade
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
www.ifw-kiel.de/publications...
Die wichtigste europäische Reform des Asylsystems des letzten Jahrzehnts macht entscheidenden Schritt im Europäischen Parlament!
Hier mein Statement dazu:
www.ifw-kiel.de/de/publikati...
Hier mein Statement dazu:
www.ifw-kiel.de/de/publikati...
April 10, 2024 at 6:21 PM
Die wichtigste europäische Reform des Asylsystems des letzten Jahrzehnts macht entscheidenden Schritt im Europäischen Parlament!
Hier mein Statement dazu:
www.ifw-kiel.de/de/publikati...
Hier mein Statement dazu:
www.ifw-kiel.de/de/publikati...
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Some ideas what Zeitenwende can mean for food security in, with and by Africa. Together with my colleague @heidland.bsky.social from Kiel 👇🌾👇
In Germany, we talk a lot about the Zeitenwende. But has the Russian invasion of Ukraine turned out to be a sea change for Africa and German Africa policy, too? Find some answers in this Working Paper edited by Christine Hackenesch and @wlacher.bsky.social 👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/en/publicati...
www.megatrends-afrika.de/en/publicati...
The Russia-Ukraine War’s Shockwaves in Africa. A Zeitenwende for German Africa Policy?
Two years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine began, this Working Paper examines repercussions in Africa and on German Africa policy, analysing...
www.megatrends-afrika.de
February 13, 2024 at 10:12 AM
Some ideas what Zeitenwende can mean for food security in, with and by Africa. Together with my colleague @heidland.bsky.social from Kiel 👇🌾👇
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
With Jérôme Valette, we are thrilled to announce the
Call for Papers
for the 2nd Junior Workshop on the Economics of Migration on 25-26 June 2024, LISER, Luxembourg.
Keynotes: @gathmannch.bsky.social, @olofaslund.bsky.social & H. Rapoport
Deadline 25 February 2024 economig2024.sciencesconf.org
Call for Papers
for the 2nd Junior Workshop on the Economics of Migration on 25-26 June 2024, LISER, Luxembourg.
Keynotes: @gathmannch.bsky.social, @olofaslund.bsky.social & H. Rapoport
Deadline 25 February 2024 economig2024.sciencesconf.org
December 18, 2023 at 5:10 PM
With Jérôme Valette, we are thrilled to announce the
Call for Papers
for the 2nd Junior Workshop on the Economics of Migration on 25-26 June 2024, LISER, Luxembourg.
Keynotes: @gathmannch.bsky.social, @olofaslund.bsky.social & H. Rapoport
Deadline 25 February 2024 economig2024.sciencesconf.org
Call for Papers
for the 2nd Junior Workshop on the Economics of Migration on 25-26 June 2024, LISER, Luxembourg.
Keynotes: @gathmannch.bsky.social, @olofaslund.bsky.social & H. Rapoport
Deadline 25 February 2024 economig2024.sciencesconf.org
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
"Prioritize Africa's needs!" In our new #JointFutures, Susan Ekoh (IDOS) argues that Germany’s Africa policy must maximize co-benefits by focusing on the migration-development nexus and mainstreaming climate adaptation in migration cooperation 👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Prioritizing Africa’s Needs: How to Strengthen Africa-German Cooperation on Migration
Germany’s Africa policy must maximize co-benefits by focusing on the migration-development nexus, argues Susan Ekoh (IDOS). The government...
www.megatrends-afrika.de
December 1, 2023 at 10:52 AM
"Prioritize Africa's needs!" In our new #JointFutures, Susan Ekoh (IDOS) argues that Germany’s Africa policy must maximize co-benefits by focusing on the migration-development nexus and mainstreaming climate adaptation in migration cooperation 👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
As our joint Kiel Institute CEPR conference on geoeconomics is kicking off in the Federal Foreign Ministry in Berlin, we hope you will join online for some of the great presentations and keynotes ahead. Full program and link to livestream below. @kielinstitute.bsky.social
November 30, 2023 at 8:11 AM
As our joint Kiel Institute CEPR conference on geoeconomics is kicking off in the Federal Foreign Ministry in Berlin, we hope you will join online for some of the great presentations and keynotes ahead. Full program and link to livestream below. @kielinstitute.bsky.social
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Reisen von Politiker*innen werden medial gut dokumentiert. Für Vor-Ort-Reportagen fehlen oft die Ressourcen.
Im neuen #JointFutures fordert Bettina Rühl (weltreporter-Netzwerk) eine differenziertere Berichterstattung und eine bessere Finanzierung.👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Im neuen #JointFutures fordert Bettina Rühl (weltreporter-Netzwerk) eine differenziertere Berichterstattung und eine bessere Finanzierung.👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Das Afrikabild in den deutschen Medien: Durch die eigene Brille gesehen
Die deutsche Berichterstattung über den Kontinent beleuchtet oft entweder Chancen oder Krisen. Politische und soziale Entwicklungen sind aber...
www.megatrends-afrika.de
November 28, 2023 at 12:29 PM
Reisen von Politiker*innen werden medial gut dokumentiert. Für Vor-Ort-Reportagen fehlen oft die Ressourcen.
Im neuen #JointFutures fordert Bettina Rühl (weltreporter-Netzwerk) eine differenziertere Berichterstattung und eine bessere Finanzierung.👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Im neuen #JointFutures fordert Bettina Rühl (weltreporter-Netzwerk) eine differenziertere Berichterstattung und eine bessere Finanzierung.👇
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Conference alert! 🔥🔥🔥
If you are not joining us in person in Berlin, do watch the livestream of our conference on geoeconomics on Thursday and Friday this week. Fantastic line-up that you should not miss.
If you are not joining us in person in Berlin, do watch the livestream of our conference on geoeconomics on Thursday and Friday this week. Fantastic line-up that you should not miss.
Exciting week ahead! This Thursday & Friday we will host - w/ CEPR - a conference on #Geoeconomics at @diplo.de in Berlin. An elite line-up will delve into cutting-edge discussions on geopolitics&economics, sanctions, China,... just to name a few
Don't miss our livestream 👇
@schularick.bsky.social
Don't miss our livestream 👇
@schularick.bsky.social
Joint Conference Kiel Institute and CEPR: Geoeconomics
Rigorous research on the link between economics and geopolitics remains scarce.
This joint conference will bring together world-leading scholars working at the intersection of geopolitics and (interna...
www.ifw-kiel.de
November 27, 2023 at 9:00 PM
Conference alert! 🔥🔥🔥
If you are not joining us in person in Berlin, do watch the livestream of our conference on geoeconomics on Thursday and Friday this week. Fantastic line-up that you should not miss.
If you are not joining us in person in Berlin, do watch the livestream of our conference on geoeconomics on Thursday and Friday this week. Fantastic line-up that you should not miss.
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Neuer Beitrag in unserer #Megatrends-Blogserie zur deutschen #Afrikapolitik von @heidland.bsky.social
@kielinstitute.bsky.social @mtafrika.bsky.social
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
@kielinstitute.bsky.social @mtafrika.bsky.social
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Wirksame Migrationspolitik geht nur in Partnerschaft
Eine der größten Herausforderungen für Deutschland und die Europäische Union ist die Asyl- und Migrationspolitik. Wirksame Reformen seien nur...
www.megatrends-afrika.de
November 21, 2023 at 8:01 AM
Neuer Beitrag in unserer #Megatrends-Blogserie zur deutschen #Afrikapolitik von @heidland.bsky.social
@kielinstitute.bsky.social @mtafrika.bsky.social
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
@kielinstitute.bsky.social @mtafrika.bsky.social
www.megatrends-afrika.de/publikation/...
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Wirksame Reform der Asyl- & Migrationspolitik ist nur möglich, wenn afrikanische Herkunftsländer als wirkliche Partner an Bord sind - @heidland.bsky.social im #JointFutures Blogbeitrag @mtafrika.bsky.social
👉Dreiklang aus (Aus-)Bildung, Finanzierung & Verbesserung wirtl. Rahmenbedingungen
👉Dreiklang aus (Aus-)Bildung, Finanzierung & Verbesserung wirtl. Rahmenbedingungen
Wirksame Migrationspolitik geht nur in Partnerschaft
Eine der größten Herausforderungen für Deutschland und die Europäische Union ist die Asyl- und Migrationspolitik. Wirksame Reformen seien nur...
www.megatrends-afrika.de
November 17, 2023 at 11:26 AM
Wirksame Reform der Asyl- & Migrationspolitik ist nur möglich, wenn afrikanische Herkunftsländer als wirkliche Partner an Bord sind - @heidland.bsky.social im #JointFutures Blogbeitrag @mtafrika.bsky.social
👉Dreiklang aus (Aus-)Bildung, Finanzierung & Verbesserung wirtl. Rahmenbedingungen
👉Dreiklang aus (Aus-)Bildung, Finanzierung & Verbesserung wirtl. Rahmenbedingungen
You are looking for a PhD position in development economics? Then come join us for an exciting position at the Kiel Institute. As a part of your position, you will play a key role in an RCT on entrepreneurship in Kenya.
#EconSky - we’re looking for a PhD student with a special focus on development economics to conduct research on African economies #entrepreneurship #Kenya
#AcademicSky #Phdposition @heidland.bsky.social
#AcademicSky #Phdposition @heidland.bsky.social
Junior Researcher (Ph.D. student) in Economics especially Development Economics
The Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW) is inviting applications for Junior Researcher (Ph.D. student) in Economics especially Development Economics.
www.ifw-kiel.de
November 3, 2023 at 12:18 PM
You are looking for a PhD position in development economics? Then come join us for an exciting position at the Kiel Institute. As a part of your position, you will play a key role in an RCT on entrepreneurship in Kenya.
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
#Econjobmarket - for the new Kiel-CEPR Research Hub in Berlin, we are looking to hire a postdoctoral researcher for a one-year Kiel-CEPR Postdoc fellowship position #EconSky #AcademicSky #CEPR
Postdoctoral Researcher – Kiel-CEPR Berlin Fellow
The Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW) seeks applications for a position as Postdoctoral Researcher – Kiel-CEPR Berlin Fellow.
www.ifw-kiel.de
November 2, 2023 at 2:53 PM
#Econjobmarket - for the new Kiel-CEPR Research Hub in Berlin, we are looking to hire a postdoctoral researcher for a one-year Kiel-CEPR Postdoc fellowship position #EconSky #AcademicSky #CEPR
Reposted by Tobias Heidland
Announcing the 2024 Migration & Organizations Conference, May 2024 at the Wharton School
Submissions due February 15—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
PhD students can apply for support—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
@profzeke.bsky.social #EconSky
Submissions due February 15—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
PhD students can apply for support—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
@profzeke.bsky.social #EconSky
October 18, 2023 at 8:45 PM
Announcing the 2024 Migration & Organizations Conference, May 2024 at the Wharton School
Submissions due February 15—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
PhD students can apply for support—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
@profzeke.bsky.social #EconSky
Submissions due February 15—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
PhD students can apply for support—> docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
@profzeke.bsky.social #EconSky
Can foreign aid reduce irregular migration?
Over the last years, Europe and the US have poured billions into foreign aid that was specifically aimed at reducing “root causes” of irregular migration. The evidence base fr this is at best limited. That’s why we wrote a new paper. #EconSky🧵
Over the last years, Europe and the US have poured billions into foreign aid that was specifically aimed at reducing “root causes” of irregular migration. The evidence base fr this is at best limited. That’s why we wrote a new paper. #EconSky🧵
The Effect of Foreign Aid on Migration: Global Micro-Evidence from World Bank Projects
In response to surging immigration pressure in Europe and the United States, Western policymakers advocate foreign aid as a means to fight the `root causes' of irregular migration. This article provid...
www.ifw-kiel.de
October 18, 2023 at 6:54 AM
Can foreign aid reduce irregular migration?
Over the last years, Europe and the US have poured billions into foreign aid that was specifically aimed at reducing “root causes” of irregular migration. The evidence base fr this is at best limited. That’s why we wrote a new paper. #EconSky🧵
Over the last years, Europe and the US have poured billions into foreign aid that was specifically aimed at reducing “root causes” of irregular migration. The evidence base fr this is at best limited. That’s why we wrote a new paper. #EconSky🧵