Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter with biological functions, including roles in antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and cellular si…

Disruptions in interoception may underlie anxiety, eating disorders, and other mental health ailments

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The global obesity crisis involves an unprecedented and rapid change to the human phenotype. Conferring vast levels of avoidable morbidity and mortality at e...

Stimulating the liver to produce some of the signals of the thymus can reverse age-related declines in T-cell populations and enhance response to vaccination.

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, otherwise known as the Krebs cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that performs the essential function of oxidizing nutrients to support cellular bioenergetics. Mo...

A new study identifies a mechanism for how COVID vaccines may, in infrequent cases, drive heart inflammation, a condition that can be caused by the disease itself

Bogaert et al. explored mother-to-infant microbial transmission routes and assessed early-life microbiota development across six maternal and four infant body sites. Maternal contributions to infant m...

WGS data were used from 347,630 individuals with European ancestry in the UK Biobank to obtain high-precision estimates of coding and non-coding rare variant heritability for 34 co...

Removal of type-I nNOS neurons decreased delta-band power in the LFP, lowered dilation to sustained stimulation, decreased the interhemispheric coherence of neural and hemodynamic signals, and reduced...

Feng, Luo and colleagues show that the combination of glucose and fructose, as found in sugar-sweetened beverages, promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through a mechanism involving sorbitol dehydrog...

Klag et al. identified that Turicibacter, a spore-forming bacteria, promotes leanness by producing unique lipids that suppress host ceramides and reduce fat uptake. High-fat diets lower Turicibacter l...

Autoimmune diseases arise from genetic and environmental factors that disrupt immune tolerance. Recent studies highlight the role of myeloid cell immunometabolism, particularly mitochondrial dysfuncti...

Franklin et al. profile DNA methylation during development and aging of the human cortex, identifying pronounced cell-type-specific changes during prenatal life. The authors confirm the importance of ...

The methylenomycins are highly functionalized cyclopentanone antibiotics produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A biosynthetic pathway to the methylenomycins has been proposed based on sequence analysis of the proteins encoded by the methylenomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and the incorporation of labeled precursors. However, the roles played by putative biosynthetic enzymes remain experimentally uninvestigated. Here, the biosynthetic functions of enzymes encoded by mmyD, mmyO, mmyF, and mmyE were investigated by creating in-frame deletions in each gene and investigating the effect on methylenomycin production. No methylenomycin-related metabolites were produced by the mmyD mutant, consistent with the proposed role of MmyD in an early biosynthetic step. The production of methylenomycin A, but not methylenomycin C, was abolished in the mmyF and mmyO mutants, consistent with the corresponding enzymes catalyzing the epoxidation of methylenomycin C, as previously proposed. Expression of mmyF and mmyO in a S. coelicolor M145 derivative engineered to express mmr, which confers methylenomycin resistance, enabled the resulting strain to convert methylenomycin C to methylenomycin A, confirming this hypothesis. A novel metabolite (premethylenomycin C), which readily cyclizes to form the corresponding butanolide (premethylenomycin C lactone), accumulated in the mmyE mutant, indicating the corresponding enzyme is involved in introducing the exomethylene group into methylenomycin C. Remarkably, both premethylenomycin C and its lactone precursor were one to two orders of magnitude more active against various Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolates, than methylenomycins A and C, providing a promising starting point for the development of novel antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance.

In this primer, Patrick Haggard and Matthew Longo consider how sensory signals from receptors throughout the body are integrated to produce the sense of a coherent, continuous, sentient body that form...

Using a zebrafish-based screen, Civiletto and colleagues identify the herb-derived metabolites thymol and carvacrol as activators of autophagy and mitophagy, demonstrating their therapeutic potential ...

We found strong evidence that antidepressants differ markedly in their physiological effects, particularly for cardiometabolic parameters. Treatment guidelines should be updated to reflect differences...

Although a keto diet limits weight gain and evokes weight loss in obese mice, it impairs metabolic health in males and females.