The authority said booking systems had already been successfully introduced in many other parts of the country, including Swindon, Suffolk and Kent for

Hydrocracking is a promising route for the chemical recycling of polyolefins (PO), converting them into short hydrocarbons over bifunctional catalysts with metal sites for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, and Brønsted acid sites (BAS) for isomerization and C–C bond cleavage. However, PO feedstocks containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can release chlorine (Cl) under reaction conditions, deactivating conventional noble metal/zeolite catalysts. Moreover, the lack of site intimacy and the presence of micropores within conventional catalysts create challenges around the transport of high-molecular-weight, sterically encumbered polymer intermediates. Here, we report tungsten carbides (WxC) as a novel type of bifunctional catalysts that address these challenges. W/W2C phases on WxC offer “metal” sites, and −OH on WOx species introduces BAS in close proximity. The “metal”:BAS ratio can be tuned through carburization temperature, leading to a volcano-shaped activity trend reflecting the requirement for metal–BAS balance. Kinetic data demonstrate that each PO chain undergoes sequential cleavage, while trends in cracking ideality and selectivity follow those in short-alkane hydrocracking. On the per-BAS basis, WxC is more efficient than conventional bifunctional catalysts by more than an order of magnitude, due to enhanced polymer transport. They maintain or show increased activity with 10 wt % PVC in the substrate. This work establishes transition-metal carbides as earth-abundant bifunctional catalysts with unique site proximity and heteroatom compatibility. These features, along with the broad structure space for rational tuning, make them promising options to tackle specific challenges that polymer feedstocks present in hydrocracking.

The authority said booking systems had already been successfully introduced in many other parts of the country, including Swindon, Suffolk and Kent for

The authority said booking systems had already been successfully introduced in many other parts of the country, including Swindon, Suffolk and Kent for

From March 31, waste collectors must collect different types of recycling and waste separately meaning a big change for residents

“Until we turn waste into resources, every landfill is a policy failure,” said Honolulu City Council member Andria Tupola.

A water-soluble plastic casing designed to dissolve at the end of a product’s life is being developed as a potential

Middlesbrough residents are set to receive their new wheelie bin and food waste caddies later than other Tees Valley residents

Middlesbrough residents are set to receive their new wheelie bin and food waste caddies later than other Tees Valley residents

From March 31, waste collectors must collect different types of recycling and waste separately meaning a big change for residents

Houston’s solid waste system is broken. In 2025, over 85,000 complaints have gone to 311 for missed trash, heavy trash, and recycling pickups. Missed pickups are ranked as one of the top five service requests to 311. Our recycling rate...

All local authorities in England must begin consistent recycling collections from March 31, 2026, with homes separating waste into four bins

The authority says the system, which goes live on Wednesday, will help reduce queuing.

All local authorities in England must begin consistent recycling collections from March 31, 2026, with homes separating waste into four bins

All local authorities in England must begin consistent recycling collections from March 31, 2026, with homes separating waste into four bins