Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is now metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), emphasizing the key metabolic factors of obesity, insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction and dyslipidaemia. Here, we discuss impacts on the existing body of clinical and preclinical liver disease research and on research moving forward. Relevant articles Open Access articles citing this article. Access options Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout References Rinella, M. E. et al. J. Hepatol. 79, 1542–1556 (2023). Kanwal, F., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Loomba, R. & Rinella, M. E. Hepatology https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000670 (2023). Ratziu, V. & Boursier, J. J. Hepatol. 80, e51–e52 (2023). Song, S. J., Che-To Lai, J., Lai-Hung Wong, G., Wai-Sun Wong, V. & Cheuk-Fung Yip, T. J. Hepatol. 80, e54–e56 (2023). Hagstrom, H., Vessby, J., Ekstedt, M. & Shang, Y. J. Hepatol. 80, e76–e77 (2023). Li, M. & Xie, W. J. Hepatol. 80, e53–e54 (2023). Díaz, L. A., Arab, J. P., Louvet, A., Bataller, R. & Arrese, M. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 764–783 (2023). Hsu, C. L. & Schnabl, B. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 719–733 (2023). Google Scholar Demir, M. et al. J. Hepatol. 76, 788–799 (2022). Google Scholar Hsu, C. L. et al. Dig. Dis. Sci. 68, 3059–3069 (2023). Google Scholar C.L.H. receives funding support from NIAAA (K99AA031328), American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Foundation (CTORA23-208366), and the Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis funded by NIH P50AA011999. R.L. receives funding support from NIEHS (5P42ES010337), NCATS (5UL1TR001442), NIDDK (U01DK130190, U01DK061734, R01DK106419, P30DK120515, R01DK121378, R01DK124318), NHLBI (P01HL147835). Authors and Affiliations Contributions C.L.H. drafted the manuscript and R.L. carried out a critical revision of the manuscript. Corresponding author Competing interests C.L.H. declares no competing interests. R.L. serves as a consultant to Aardvark Therapeutics, Altimmune, Anylam/Regeneron, Amgen, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myer Squibb, CohBar, Eli Lilly, Galmed, Gilead, Glympse bio, Hightide, Inipharma, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen Inc., Madrigal, Metacrine, Inc., NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Pfizer, Sagimet, Theratechnologies, 89 bio, Terns Pharmaceuticals and Viking Therapeutics. In addition, his institutions received research grants from Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Astrazeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galectin Therapeutics, Galmed Pharmaceuticals, Gilead, Intercept, Hanmi, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Merck, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Pfizer, Sonic Incytes and Terns Pharmaceuticals. Co-founder of LipoNexus Inc. Peer review Peer review information Nature Metabolism thanks Herbert Tilg for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Supplementary information Download citation Francisco Westermeier Enrique Z. Fisman

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