We also designed and validated a Eurasian H7-specific SHINE assay (SHINE-H7-Eurasian), which reliably discriminated H7 Eurasian strains against North American H7 strains and unrelated seasonal influenza viruses. (9/11)

SHINE-H5-CS reliably discriminates between 2.3.4.4b and non-2.3.4.4b H5 sequences across a wide range of input concentrations. (8/11)

We developed a clade-specific SHINE assay （SHINE-H5-CS）specifically targeting clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), which has been dominant in global H5 phylogeny since 2021. (7/11)

SHINE-AVIAN has a limit of detection of 121.7 copies/μL for H5N1 seedstocks through fluorescent readout and can detect as low as 25 copies/μL of H5N1 seedstocks through a lateral-flow readout. (6/11)

We developed SHINE-H5 for the detection of H5 avian influenza. SHINE-H5 demonstrated high specificity, showing strong signals only for H5 and none of non-target viruses or clinical flu-positive samples. (5/11)

In SHINE workflow, avian influenza genomes are reverse transcribed and amplified by SSIV, RPA, and T7. Complementary base pairing between Cas13-crRNA complex and amplified genome can activate Cas13, leading to a fluorescent or colorimetric signal through reporter cleavage. (4/11)

Current methods for avian flu diagnosis, including virus isolation, immunoassays, RT-PCR, and sequencing, either require substantial laboratory infrastructure or suffer from reduced sensitivity and specificity. (2/11)