We also find that micro and small enterprises significantly increased their investments in tangible and especially intangible assets, i.e. they used the aid to improve their digitalisation.

We focus on Spain and Italy, two hard hit economies with extensive aid programmes. We use a diff-in-diff methodology with propensity score matching and find that micro & small firms had significantly higher revenues compared to a control group 2 years after the pandemic, but medium & large firms not

Between 2019 and 2022, EU Member States will grant more than €1 trillion in state aid, much of it to support businesses through the pandemic, with large differences between Member States in both the amount and intensity of aid relative to GDP.

How effectively did public support reach companies during the #COVID-19 pandemic? Building on earlier work for the European Commission, our latest study shows: In Spain and Italy COVID aid was highly effective for micro and small enterprises but not for medium and large.

🚨🚨 Deadline January 15 2025 🚨🚨

Don't miss it out. If you want to do a #PhD in #Economics, join the vibrant community in #Berlin and apply to one of our two cooperating programs:

@diw.de: www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c....

@bseberlin.bsky.social: berlinschoolofeconomics.de/phd-programm

My first interview in Korean 😁... I hope the translation of my English answers was okay!

🚨🚨 Deadline February 11 2024 🚨🚨

If you want to do a #PhD in #Economics, join the vibrant community in #Berlin and apply to one of our two cooperating programs:

@diw.de: www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c....

@bseberlin.bsky.social: berlinschoolofeconomics.de/phd-programm

Today more than ever: shabbat shalom!