Thomas Gangale, JSD
@thomasgangale.bsky.social
Aerospace engineer, political scientist, international relations scholar, space jurist, space historian, dog walker, cat herder, Visiting Professor at the University of Mars.
#Martian
On this sol in 190 (1967 August 01):
North American Aviation issued its report, "Study of Manned Planetary Missions Based on Saturn/Apollo Systems: Final Report." The initial target mission was to be a 1976 dual-planet flyby mission.
On this sol in 190 (1967 August 01):
North American Aviation issued its report, "Study of Manned Planetary Missions Based on Saturn/Apollo Systems: Final Report." The initial target mission was to be a 1976 dual-planet flyby mission.
November 20, 2025 at 12:32 AM
#Martian
On this sol in 190 (1967 August 01):
North American Aviation issued its report, "Study of Manned Planetary Missions Based on Saturn/Apollo Systems: Final Report." The initial target mission was to be a 1976 dual-planet flyby mission.
On this sol in 190 (1967 August 01):
North American Aviation issued its report, "Study of Manned Planetary Missions Based on Saturn/Apollo Systems: Final Report." The initial target mission was to be a 1976 dual-planet flyby mission.
#Martian
On this sol in 176 (1941 April 01):
“Heredity” by Isaac Asimov appeared in Astonishing Stories (date approximate). A pair of identical twins, separated at birth, are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars.
On this sol in 176 (1941 April 01):
“Heredity” by Isaac Asimov appeared in Astonishing Stories (date approximate). A pair of identical twins, separated at birth, are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars.
November 20, 2025 at 12:28 AM
#Martian
On this sol in 176 (1941 April 01):
“Heredity” by Isaac Asimov appeared in Astonishing Stories (date approximate). A pair of identical twins, separated at birth, are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars.
On this sol in 176 (1941 April 01):
“Heredity” by Isaac Asimov appeared in Astonishing Stories (date approximate). A pair of identical twins, separated at birth, are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 02.
LS 174.6°
Curiosity Sol 4724
Perseverance Sol 1689
On this sol in 161 (1913 January 14):
Aase Madsen Iversen (Osa Massen) was born; Danish-American actress; starred in the motion picture Rocketship X-M (1950).
www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=...
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 02.
LS 174.6°
Curiosity Sol 4724
Perseverance Sol 1689
On this sol in 161 (1913 January 14):
Aase Madsen Iversen (Osa Massen) was born; Danish-American actress; starred in the motion picture Rocketship X-M (1950).
www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=...
November 20, 2025 at 12:20 AM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 02.
LS 174.6°
Curiosity Sol 4724
Perseverance Sol 1689
On this sol in 161 (1913 January 14):
Aase Madsen Iversen (Osa Massen) was born; Danish-American actress; starred in the motion picture Rocketship X-M (1950).
www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=...
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 02.
LS 174.6°
Curiosity Sol 4724
Perseverance Sol 1689
On this sol in 161 (1913 January 14):
Aase Madsen Iversen (Osa Massen) was born; Danish-American actress; starred in the motion picture Rocketship X-M (1950).
www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=...
November 19, 2025 at 12:23 AM
#Martian
On this sol in 163 (1916 October 18):
INHABITANTS OF MARS.
It would be grossly unfair to Professor Percival Lowell to assume from the latest reports of his discoveries and deductions that he has abandoned any part of his admirable theory... www.nytimes.com/1916/10/18/a...
On this sol in 163 (1916 October 18):
INHABITANTS OF MARS.
It would be grossly unfair to Professor Percival Lowell to assume from the latest reports of his discoveries and deductions that he has abandoned any part of his admirable theory... www.nytimes.com/1916/10/18/a...
INHABITANTS OF MARS. (Published 1916)
www.nytimes.com
November 19, 2025 at 12:06 AM
#Martian
On this sol in 163 (1916 October 18):
INHABITANTS OF MARS.
It would be grossly unfair to Professor Percival Lowell to assume from the latest reports of his discoveries and deductions that he has abandoned any part of his admirable theory... www.nytimes.com/1916/10/18/a...
On this sol in 163 (1916 October 18):
INHABITANTS OF MARS.
It would be grossly unfair to Professor Percival Lowell to assume from the latest reports of his discoveries and deductions that he has abandoned any part of his admirable theory... www.nytimes.com/1916/10/18/a...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 01.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Gemini. The name Mithuna (मिथुन), the Sanskrit word for “couple,” is taken from a month in the Hindu solar calendar that occurred when the Sun passed through Gemini as seen from Earth.
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 01.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Gemini. The name Mithuna (मिथुन), the Sanskrit word for “couple,” is taken from a month in the Hindu solar calendar that occurred when the Sun passed through Gemini as seen from Earth.
November 18, 2025 at 11:53 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 01.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Gemini. The name Mithuna (मिथुन), the Sanskrit word for “couple,” is taken from a month in the Hindu solar calendar that occurred when the Sun passed through Gemini as seen from Earth.
To-sol is 221 Mithuna 01.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Gemini. The name Mithuna (मिथुन), the Sanskrit word for “couple,” is taken from a month in the Hindu solar calendar that occurred when the Sun passed through Gemini as seen from Earth.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 28.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 07):
The first Kiwi-B nuclear thermal rocket engine ground test using liquid hydrogen was intended to run the engine at 270 MW for 300 seconds, but the test was scrammed after only 36 seconds at 225 MW.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 28.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 07):
The first Kiwi-B nuclear thermal rocket engine ground test using liquid hydrogen was intended to run the engine at 270 MW for 300 seconds, but the test was scrammed after only 36 seconds at 225 MW.
November 17, 2025 at 8:43 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 28.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 07):
The first Kiwi-B nuclear thermal rocket engine ground test using liquid hydrogen was intended to run the engine at 270 MW for 300 seconds, but the test was scrammed after only 36 seconds at 225 MW.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 28.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 07):
The first Kiwi-B nuclear thermal rocket engine ground test using liquid hydrogen was intended to run the engine at 270 MW for 300 seconds, but the test was scrammed after only 36 seconds at 225 MW.
#Martian
On this sol in 202 (1990 February 22):
The songs “Mars Needs Women: They’re Here” and “Mars Needs Women: Space Is a Lonely Place” by the American jazz quartet Bela Fleck and the Flecktones were released on their eponymous CD.
On this sol in 202 (1990 February 22):
The songs “Mars Needs Women: They’re Here” and “Mars Needs Women: Space Is a Lonely Place” by the American jazz quartet Bela Fleck and the Flecktones were released on their eponymous CD.
November 16, 2025 at 8:05 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 202 (1990 February 22):
The songs “Mars Needs Women: They’re Here” and “Mars Needs Women: Space Is a Lonely Place” by the American jazz quartet Bela Fleck and the Flecktones were released on their eponymous CD.
On this sol in 202 (1990 February 22):
The songs “Mars Needs Women: They’re Here” and “Mars Needs Women: Space Is a Lonely Place” by the American jazz quartet Bela Fleck and the Flecktones were released on their eponymous CD.
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1931 November 03):
SAYS SIGNAL TO MARS MIGHT BE DEVELOPED
Coast Scientist Envisions Red Light Ray
Broadcast 35,000,000 Miles on Short Wave.
www.nytimes.com/1931/11/03/a...
On this sol in 171 (1931 November 03):
SAYS SIGNAL TO MARS MIGHT BE DEVELOPED
Coast Scientist Envisions Red Light Ray
Broadcast 35,000,000 Miles on Short Wave.
www.nytimes.com/1931/11/03/a...
SAYS SIGNAL TO MARS MIGHT BE DEVELOPED; Coast Scientist Envisions Red Light Ray Broadcast 35,000,000 Miles on Short Wave. (Published 1931)
www.nytimes.com
November 16, 2025 at 7:54 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1931 November 03):
SAYS SIGNAL TO MARS MIGHT BE DEVELOPED
Coast Scientist Envisions Red Light Ray
Broadcast 35,000,000 Miles on Short Wave.
www.nytimes.com/1931/11/03/a...
On this sol in 171 (1931 November 03):
SAYS SIGNAL TO MARS MIGHT BE DEVELOPED
Coast Scientist Envisions Red Light Ray
Broadcast 35,000,000 Miles on Short Wave.
www.nytimes.com/1931/11/03/a...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 27.
LS 173.0°
Curiosity Sol 4721
Perseverance Sol 1686
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
“The northern region Acidalium Mare, between the Martian dates of September 20 and 22, that is just before the autumnal equinox, also appeared green in 1890."
To-sol is 221 Gemini 27.
LS 173.0°
Curiosity Sol 4721
Perseverance Sol 1686
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
“The northern region Acidalium Mare, between the Martian dates of September 20 and 22, that is just before the autumnal equinox, also appeared green in 1890."
November 16, 2025 at 7:43 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 27.
LS 173.0°
Curiosity Sol 4721
Perseverance Sol 1686
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
“The northern region Acidalium Mare, between the Martian dates of September 20 and 22, that is just before the autumnal equinox, also appeared green in 1890."
To-sol is 221 Gemini 27.
LS 173.0°
Curiosity Sol 4721
Perseverance Sol 1686
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
“The northern region Acidalium Mare, between the Martian dates of September 20 and 22, that is just before the autumnal equinox, also appeared green in 1890."
#Martian
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 05):
In response to President John F. Kennedy’s announcement setting the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA issued its “Long Range Plan,” laid out an Apollo mission schedule, but envisioned a manned Mars landing mission in 1975.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 05):
In response to President John F. Kennedy’s announcement setting the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA issued its “Long Range Plan,” laid out an Apollo mission schedule, but envisioned a manned Mars landing mission in 1975.
November 15, 2025 at 6:38 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 05):
In response to President John F. Kennedy’s announcement setting the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA issued its “Long Range Plan,” laid out an Apollo mission schedule, but envisioned a manned Mars landing mission in 1975.
On this sol in 187 (1961 December 05):
In response to President John F. Kennedy’s announcement setting the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA issued its “Long Range Plan,” laid out an Apollo mission schedule, but envisioned a manned Mars landing mission in 1975.
#Martian
On this sol in 183 (1954 May 28):
Space Patrol, Season 4 Episode 22, “The Hidden Treasure of Mars” airdate. Commander Corry accepts an invitation to visit a newly discovered an abandoned underground Martian city. Soon he discovers the city may not be as empty as he thought.
On this sol in 183 (1954 May 28):
Space Patrol, Season 4 Episode 22, “The Hidden Treasure of Mars” airdate. Commander Corry accepts an invitation to visit a newly discovered an abandoned underground Martian city. Soon he discovers the city may not be as empty as he thought.
November 15, 2025 at 6:31 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 183 (1954 May 28):
Space Patrol, Season 4 Episode 22, “The Hidden Treasure of Mars” airdate. Commander Corry accepts an invitation to visit a newly discovered an abandoned underground Martian city. Soon he discovers the city may not be as empty as he thought.
On this sol in 183 (1954 May 28):
Space Patrol, Season 4 Episode 22, “The Hidden Treasure of Mars” airdate. Commander Corry accepts an invitation to visit a newly discovered an abandoned underground Martian city. Soon he discovers the city may not be as empty as he thought.
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 21):
TOPICS OF THE TIMES.
“Mlle. Smith” Again a Sensation.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/21/a...
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 21):
TOPICS OF THE TIMES.
“Mlle. Smith” Again a Sensation.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/21/a...
TOPICS OF THE TIMES. (Published 1907)
www.nytimes.com
November 15, 2025 at 6:03 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 21):
TOPICS OF THE TIMES.
“Mlle. Smith” Again a Sensation.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/21/a...
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 21):
TOPICS OF THE TIMES.
“Mlle. Smith” Again a Sensation.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/21/a...
#Martian
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
William H. Pickering drew a sketch of Mars. The lack of detail suggests a global dust storm; however, Pickering's drawings both earlier and later during this apparition of Mars show the expected albedo features.
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
William H. Pickering drew a sketch of Mars. The lack of detail suggests a global dust storm; however, Pickering's drawings both earlier and later during this apparition of Mars show the expected albedo features.
November 15, 2025 at 5:50 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
William H. Pickering drew a sketch of Mars. The lack of detail suggests a global dust storm; however, Pickering's drawings both earlier and later during this apparition of Mars show the expected albedo features.
On this sol in 149 (1890 June 15):
William H. Pickering drew a sketch of Mars. The lack of detail suggests a global dust storm; however, Pickering's drawings both earlier and later during this apparition of Mars show the expected albedo features.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 26.
On this sol in 132 (1858 June 24):
Angelo Secchi drew a sketch of Mars. “Atmosphere thick, the disc appears to be brown in color.”
The paucity of detail compared to his drawings made days earlier suggests that a global dust storm was raging.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 26.
On this sol in 132 (1858 June 24):
Angelo Secchi drew a sketch of Mars. “Atmosphere thick, the disc appears to be brown in color.”
The paucity of detail compared to his drawings made days earlier suggests that a global dust storm was raging.
November 15, 2025 at 5:43 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 26.
On this sol in 132 (1858 June 24):
Angelo Secchi drew a sketch of Mars. “Atmosphere thick, the disc appears to be brown in color.”
The paucity of detail compared to his drawings made days earlier suggests that a global dust storm was raging.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 26.
On this sol in 132 (1858 June 24):
Angelo Secchi drew a sketch of Mars. “Atmosphere thick, the disc appears to be brown in color.”
The paucity of detail compared to his drawings made days earlier suggests that a global dust storm was raging.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 25.
LS 171.8°
Curiosity Sol 4719
Perseverance Sol 1684
On this sol in 150 (1892 May 01):
In Journey to Mars by Gustavus W. Pope (1894), a spacecraft carrying Lieutenant Frederick Hamilton landed on Mars.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 25.
LS 171.8°
Curiosity Sol 4719
Perseverance Sol 1684
On this sol in 150 (1892 May 01):
In Journey to Mars by Gustavus W. Pope (1894), a spacecraft carrying Lieutenant Frederick Hamilton landed on Mars.
November 14, 2025 at 4:58 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 25.
LS 171.8°
Curiosity Sol 4719
Perseverance Sol 1684
On this sol in 150 (1892 May 01):
In Journey to Mars by Gustavus W. Pope (1894), a spacecraft carrying Lieutenant Frederick Hamilton landed on Mars.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 25.
LS 171.8°
Curiosity Sol 4719
Perseverance Sol 1684
On this sol in 150 (1892 May 01):
In Journey to Mars by Gustavus W. Pope (1894), a spacecraft carrying Lieutenant Frederick Hamilton landed on Mars.
#Martian
On this sol in 190 (1967 July 26):
NASA Administrator James E. Webb testified on the NASA FY 1968 authorization bill before a Senate subcommittee to defend funding for the Apollo Applications Program and the Voyager program of Mars orbiters and landers.
On this sol in 190 (1967 July 26):
NASA Administrator James E. Webb testified on the NASA FY 1968 authorization bill before a Senate subcommittee to defend funding for the Apollo Applications Program and the Voyager program of Mars orbiters and landers.
November 13, 2025 at 5:32 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 190 (1967 July 26):
NASA Administrator James E. Webb testified on the NASA FY 1968 authorization bill before a Senate subcommittee to defend funding for the Apollo Applications Program and the Voyager program of Mars orbiters and landers.
On this sol in 190 (1967 July 26):
NASA Administrator James E. Webb testified on the NASA FY 1968 authorization bill before a Senate subcommittee to defend funding for the Apollo Applications Program and the Voyager program of Mars orbiters and landers.
#Martian
On this sol in 166 (1922 June 04):
VERIFYING FACE OF MARS
Compared With Our Own Earth by Studies From Airplane
www.nytimes.com/1922/06/04/a...
On this sol in 166 (1922 June 04):
VERIFYING FACE OF MARS
Compared With Our Own Earth by Studies From Airplane
www.nytimes.com/1922/06/04/a...
VERIFYING FACE OF MARS; Compared With Own Earth by Studies From Airplane (Published 1922)
www.nytimes.com
November 13, 2025 at 5:29 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 166 (1922 June 04):
VERIFYING FACE OF MARS
Compared With Our Own Earth by Studies From Airplane
www.nytimes.com/1922/06/04/a...
On this sol in 166 (1922 June 04):
VERIFYING FACE OF MARS
Compared With Our Own Earth by Studies From Airplane
www.nytimes.com/1922/06/04/a...
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
ELISE MULLER HAS MORE VISIONS
Says Christ Appears and She Draws or Paints His Portrait.
APPEARS TO BE SINCERE
Her Exploits as an Indian Princess and an Inhabitant of Mars Recalled.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/19/a...
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
ELISE MULLER HAS MORE VISIONS
Says Christ Appears and She Draws or Paints His Portrait.
APPEARS TO BE SINCERE
Her Exploits as an Indian Princess and an Inhabitant of Mars Recalled.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/19/a...
ELISE MULLER HAS MORE VISIONS; Says Christ Appears and She Draws or Paints His Portrait. APPEARS TO BE SINCERE Her Exploits as an Indian Princess and an Inhabitant of Mars Recalled. (Published 1907)
www.nytimes.com
November 13, 2025 at 4:27 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
ELISE MULLER HAS MORE VISIONS
Says Christ Appears and She Draws or Paints His Portrait.
APPEARS TO BE SINCERE
Her Exploits as an Indian Princess and an Inhabitant of Mars Recalled.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/19/a...
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
ELISE MULLER HAS MORE VISIONS
Says Christ Appears and She Draws or Paints His Portrait.
APPEARS TO BE SINCERE
Her Exploits as an Indian Princess and an Inhabitant of Mars Recalled.
www.nytimes.com/1907/05/19/a...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 24.
LS 171.3°
Curiosity Sol 4718
Perseverance Sol 1683
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
During the War of the Worlds, the Martians launched the seventh of ten cylinders toward Earth.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 24.
LS 171.3°
Curiosity Sol 4718
Perseverance Sol 1683
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
During the War of the Worlds, the Martians launched the seventh of ten cylinders toward Earth.
November 13, 2025 at 4:21 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Gemini 24.
LS 171.3°
Curiosity Sol 4718
Perseverance Sol 1683
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
During the War of the Worlds, the Martians launched the seventh of ten cylinders toward Earth.
To-sol is 221 Gemini 24.
LS 171.3°
Curiosity Sol 4718
Perseverance Sol 1683
On this sol in 158 (1907 May 19):
During the War of the Worlds, the Martians launched the seventh of ten cylinders toward Earth.
#Martian
On this sol in 201 (1988 April 01):
The Monuments of Mars by Mark Dwane was released on CD (date approximate). Cover art by Dameon Likowski.
On this sol in 201 (1988 April 01):
The Monuments of Mars by Mark Dwane was released on CD (date approximate). Cover art by Dameon Likowski.
November 12, 2025 at 4:15 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 201 (1988 April 01):
The Monuments of Mars by Mark Dwane was released on CD (date approximate). Cover art by Dameon Likowski.
On this sol in 201 (1988 April 01):
The Monuments of Mars by Mark Dwane was released on CD (date approximate). Cover art by Dameon Likowski.