7/ We argue that governments resolve the tradeoff by negotiating long exit clauses with partners that have weak property rights protections, but shorter ones with those that have mitigating domestic institutions. But *only if they are democratically accountable*.

4/ Effective commitment length varies a lot in investment treaties (no surprises here for the investment treaty geeks!) But why do states negotiate exit clauses with varying commitment lengths even in the same issue area, and with different partners?

2/ Remember when Trump exited from the Paris Agreement back in 2017 for the first time? The effect of exit was effectively negated because of the exit clauses in the agreement. Turns out that after withdrawal, it takes four years to actually get out of the Paris Agreement!