Great paper! I really enjoyed it.

Fundraising insight: highlight your global impact. Results suggest non-use values (not local reciprocity) drive giving, especially in internationally connected cities

Key results:
Probability of donating rises with scale: Local ~74% → UK ~80% → Global ~84% (difference significant).
Donation amounts given were similar across scales (avg ≈ £13). It’s the likelihood to give that shifts with scale, not how much.

We tested this with a revised dictator game + real payments: 600 London residents could give part of a potential £50 prize to charities working locally, nationally, or globally. Donation amounts were similar across scales.

Hi Maksym, thank you for replying! The very sharp transitions are due to how we define tropical and non-tropical areas - based on latitude. In reality, the transitions would be more gradual but the effects of yield increases are strongly differentiated for tropical and non-tropical areas.

No one-size-fits-all. Depending on landscape and crop, either expansion or intensification can better safeguard species richness, abundance, or community uniqueness.

In the tropics, raising yields can favour wide-ranging, generalist species—especially in areas with a higher percentage of natural vegetation—echoing past shifts seen in temperate zones.

Boosting yields isn’t a free lunch either! Closing yield gaps is associated with a median species loss of 9% and median abundance loss of 11%. Additionally, almost 40% of global agricultural landscapes, predominantly in the tropics, are likely to lose community uniqueness.

Agricultural conversion hits biodiversity hard: -11 % species loss in primary vegetation in modified landscapes; -25 % / −40 % in cropland within natural/modified landscapes. Land conversion also reduces abundance and community uniqueness,with impacts depending on landscape type

No one-size-fits-all. Depending on landscape and crop, either expansion or intensification can better safeguard species richness, abundance, or community uniqueness.

In the tropics, raising yields can favour wide-ranging, generalist species—especially in areas with a higher percentage of natural vegetation—echoing past shifts seen in temperate zones.

Boosting yields isn’t a free lunch either! Closing yield gaps is associated with a median species loss of 9% and median abundance loss of 11%. Additionally, almost 40% of global agricultural landscapes, predominantly in the tropics, are likely to experience increased biotic homogenization.

Agricultural conversion hits biodiversity hard: −11 % species loss in primary vegetation in modified landscapes; −25 % / −40 % in cropland within natural/modified landscapes. Land conversion also reduces abundance and increases biotic homogenization, with impacts varying depending on landscape type.