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Science X provides daily science news on research developments, technological breakthroughs and the latest science innovations.
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Time-delay cosmography offers an independent method to measure the universe’s expansion rate, helping to address discrepancies in current estimates of the Hubble constant. doi.org/hbdmcp
Time-delay cosmography may enable a speed camera for the universe
There is an important and unresolved tension in cosmology regarding the rate at which the universe is expanding, and resolving this could reveal new physics.
phys.org
December 5, 2025 at 5:00 AM
Time-delay cosmography offers an independent method to measure the universe’s expansion rate, helping to address discrepancies in current estimates of the Hubble constant. doi.org/hbdmcp
Autistic children born preterm often have greater support needs and more co-occurring conditions, yet share a similar genetic background with autistic children born full term. doi.org/g96gjs
Autistic children born preterm often show more complex needs—but share similar genetic background
A new study shows that children born preterm who are later diagnosed with autism often present with more extensive support needs and a higher number of co-occurring conditions than autistic children born at full term.
medicalxpress.com
December 5, 2025 at 4:36 AM
Autistic children born preterm often have greater support needs and more co-occurring conditions, yet share a similar genetic background with autistic children born full term. doi.org/g96gjs
Atmospheric measurements indicate that SF₆ emissions in southwestern Germany are significantly higher than previous estimates, with the region accounting for about one-third of the country's total SF₆ output. doi.org/hbdkxg
24,000 times more harmful to the climate than CO₂: Measurements reveal SF₆ gas emissions in Germany
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a chemically stable, colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas. It is used all over the world, primarily as an insulating and protective gas in electrical switchgear within medium- and high-voltage engineering.
phys.org
December 5, 2025 at 4:32 AM
Atmospheric measurements indicate that SF₆ emissions in southwestern Germany are significantly higher than previous estimates, with the region accounting for about one-third of the country's total SF₆ output. doi.org/hbdkxg
A targeted antibody blocking SFRP2 suppressed tumor growth, reduced lung metastases, and reactivated immune cells in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer. doi.org/hbdkxf
Antibody halts triple-negative breast cancer in preclinical models
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant forms of breast cancer. It grows quickly, spreads early and lacks the hormone receptors that make other breast cancers treatable with targeted therapies.
medicalxpress.com
December 5, 2025 at 1:00 AM
A targeted antibody blocking SFRP2 suppressed tumor growth, reduced lung metastases, and reactivated immune cells in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer. doi.org/hbdkxf
African penguin populations off South Africa have declined by up to 95% in eight years, primarily due to food shortages linked to collapsing sardine stocks during critical molting periods.
Penguins likely starved to death en masse: Populations off South Africa may have fallen 95% in just 8 years
Penguins living off the coast of South Africa have likely starved to death en masse during their molting season as a result of collapsing food supplies.
phys.org
December 5, 2025 at 12:00 AM
African penguin populations off South Africa have declined by up to 95% in eight years, primarily due to food shortages linked to collapsing sardine stocks during critical molting periods.
Planned birth at term lowers the incidence of preeclampsia in individuals at high risk, without increasing emergency Cesarean rates or neonatal unit admissions, according to clinical trial data.
Planned birth at term reduces pre-eclampsia in those at high risk, clinical trial finds
Planned birth at term reduces the incidence of preeclampsia in women at high risk of the condition, without increasing emergency Cesarean or neonatal unit admission, according to new trial results.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 11:30 PM
Planned birth at term lowers the incidence of preeclampsia in individuals at high risk, without increasing emergency Cesarean rates or neonatal unit admissions, according to clinical trial data.
Space debris in Earth's orbit threatens satellites and space missions, but analysis indicates that commercial incentives could make large-scale cleanup both feasible and economically viable. doi.org/hbdkwp
Space debris poses growing threat, but new study suggests cleanup is feasible
High up in Earth's orbit, millions of human-made objects large and small are flying at speeds of over 15,000 miles per hour.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 9:48 PM
Space debris in Earth's orbit threatens satellites and space missions, but analysis indicates that commercial incentives could make large-scale cleanup both feasible and economically viable. doi.org/hbdkwp
A new algorithm accelerates microwave imaging for stroke detection, reducing scan reconstruction times from nearly an hour to under 40 seconds and advancing the potential for portable diagnostics.
Researchers unveil new algorithm to dramatically speed up stroke detection scans
When someone walks into an emergency room with symptoms of a stroke, every second matters. But today, diagnosing the type of stroke, the life-or-death distinction between a clot and a bleed, requires large, stationary machines like CT scanners that may not be available everywhere.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 9:45 PM
A new algorithm accelerates microwave imaging for stroke detection, reducing scan reconstruction times from nearly an hour to under 40 seconds and advancing the potential for portable diagnostics.
Quantum technologies are advancing beyond laboratory settings, with early real-world applications emerging, but significant engineering and scalability challenges remain before widespread adoption is possible. doi.org/hbdkwn
Quantum technology moves from lab to life, but widespread use remains years away
Quantum technology is accelerating out of the lab and into the real world, and a new article argues that the field now stands at a turning point—one that is similar to the early computing age that preceded the rise of the transistor and modern computing.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 9:44 PM
Quantum technologies are advancing beyond laboratory settings, with early real-world applications emerging, but significant engineering and scalability challenges remain before widespread adoption is possible. doi.org/hbdkwn
Exposure to PFAS mixtures can disrupt key placental functions during early pregnancy, potentially affecting fetal development and pregnancy outcomes, according to advanced 3D placenta model analysis.
PFAS mixture disrupts normal placental development, which is important for a healthy pregnancy
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of nearly 10,000 long-lasting chemical compounds that stay in the environment and have been linked to adverse health effects on humans, including pregnant women and their unborn children.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 9:43 PM
Exposure to PFAS mixtures can disrupt key placental functions during early pregnancy, potentially affecting fetal development and pregnancy outcomes, according to advanced 3D placenta model analysis.
Initial James Webb observations of TRAPPIST-1e suggest possible methane, but further data are needed to confirm whether this Earth-sized exoplanet has an atmosphere. doi.org/hbdkwm
A new look at TRAPPIST-1e, an Earth-sized, habitable-zone exoplanet
Of the seven Earth-sized worlds orbiting the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, one planet in particular has attracted the attention of scientists.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 9:42 PM
Initial James Webb observations of TRAPPIST-1e suggest possible methane, but further data are needed to confirm whether this Earth-sized exoplanet has an atmosphere. doi.org/hbdkwm
Astrophysicists have analyzed shapes and distances of over 100 million galaxies in a new sky region, finding the universe’s structure growth aligns with the standard cosmological model. doi.org/hbdkwk
Astrophysicists test a new piece of the sky to probe dark matter and dark energy
In the leading model of cosmology, most of the universe is invisible: a combined 95% is made of dark matter and dark energy.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 9:41 PM
Astrophysicists have analyzed shapes and distances of over 100 million galaxies in a new sky region, finding the universe’s structure growth aligns with the standard cosmological model. doi.org/hbdkwk
A new massive duck-billed dinosaur species, Ahshiselsaurus wimani, has been identified from 75-million-year-old fossils in New Mexico, expanding understanding of hadrosaurid diversity and migration.
New massive duck-billed dinosaur species identified
There's a new dinosaur species on the block. An international team, including a biologist from Penn State Lehigh Valley, discovered that a 75-million-year-old fossil classified as a different dinosaur is its own massive, duck-billed species.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 9:09 PM
A new massive duck-billed dinosaur species, Ahshiselsaurus wimani, has been identified from 75-million-year-old fossils in New Mexico, expanding understanding of hadrosaurid diversity and migration.
A new approach targeting estrogen receptor signaling enhances immune recognition in luminal breast cancer, potentially enabling immunotherapy for the most common breast cancer subtype. doi.org/hbdksr
New approach makes common breast cancer type responsive to immunotherapy
A study led by researchers at the Hospital del Mar Research Institute advances one of the most significant milestones in breast cancer treatment, making immunotherapy effective against the most common tumor type, estrogen receptor-positive or luminal breast cancer.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 8:51 PM
A new approach targeting estrogen receptor signaling enhances immune recognition in luminal breast cancer, potentially enabling immunotherapy for the most common breast cancer subtype. doi.org/hbdksr
Analysis of Bharatanatyam dance gestures has led to a richer set of hand movement building blocks, offering new approaches for robotic control and potential applications in physical therapy. doi.org/hbdkq3
Classical Indian dance inspires new ways to teach robots how to use their hands
Researchers at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) have extracted the building blocks of precise hand gestures used in the classical Indian dance form Bharatanatyam—and found a richer "alphabet" of movement compared to natural grasps.
techxplore.com
December 4, 2025 at 8:46 PM
Analysis of Bharatanatyam dance gestures has led to a richer set of hand movement building blocks, offering new approaches for robotic control and potential applications in physical therapy. doi.org/hbdkq3
Lateral negative re-discharges have been directly observed along negative lightning leader channels, providing new insight into how lightning channels remain active and evolve during and after return strokes. doi.org/hbdkpx
Lightning channels reveal hidden bursts: Lateral negative re-discharges observed for first time
A new study led by researchers from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has uncovered the first observational evidence of lateral negative re-discharges occurring on negative leader channels.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 8:43 PM
Lateral negative re-discharges have been directly observed along negative lightning leader channels, providing new insight into how lightning channels remain active and evolve during and after return strokes. doi.org/hbdkpx
Frequent but relatively weak flares from TRAPPIST-1 may significantly affect the atmospheres and potential habitability of its nearby Earth-sized planets.
Frequent flares from TRAPPIST-1 could impact habitability of nearby planets
Like a toddler right before naptime, TRAPPIST-1 is a small yet moody star. This little star, which sits in the constellation Aquarius about 40 light-years from Earth, spits out bursts of energy known as "flares" about six times a day.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 8:32 PM
Frequent but relatively weak flares from TRAPPIST-1 may significantly affect the atmospheres and potential habitability of its nearby Earth-sized planets.
A high-energy-density barocaloric material demonstrates exceptional volumetric performance, supporting the development of smaller, lighter, and more efficient solid-state cooling devices. doi.org/hbdkpq
High-energy-density barocaloric material could enable smaller, lighter solid-state cooling devices
A collaborative research team from the Institute of Solid State Physics, the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has discovered a high-energy-density barocaloric effect in the plastic superionic conductor Ag₂Te₁₋ₓSₓ.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 8:00 PM
A high-energy-density barocaloric material demonstrates exceptional volumetric performance, supporting the development of smaller, lighter, and more efficient solid-state cooling devices. doi.org/hbdkpq
NASA has completed assembly of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which will soon begin final testing ahead of its planned launch to study dark energy, exoplanets, and distant galaxies.
NASA completes Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope construction
NASA's next big eye on the cosmos is now fully assembled. On Nov. 25, technicians joined the inner and outer portions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in the largest clean room at the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 8:00 PM
NASA has completed assembly of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which will soon begin final testing ahead of its planned launch to study dark energy, exoplanets, and distant galaxies.
A new model suggests self-handicapping—creating obstacles before a challenge—often occurs among those least likely to fail or succeed, and is influenced by how others may judge competence. doi.org/gfkstq
Cracking the code of why and when some choose to 'self-handicap'
Partying the night before a big exam. Preparing last-minute for a work presentation. Running a 5K in a 10-pound Halloween costume.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 7:50 PM
A new model suggests self-handicapping—creating obstacles before a challenge—often occurs among those least likely to fail or succeed, and is influenced by how others may judge competence. doi.org/gfkstq
Introducing ice-nucleating particles into jet exhaust may significantly reduce the climate impact of aviation by shortening contrail lifespans and decreasing their heat-trapping effect. doi.org/hbdkpm
Seeding jet exhaust with ice-nucleating particles could reduce aviation's climate impact
If you look up at the sky on a clear day, chances are you'll notice thin, white clouds—also known as contrails—following behind airplanes.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 7:46 PM
Introducing ice-nucleating particles into jet exhaust may significantly reduce the climate impact of aviation by shortening contrail lifespans and decreasing their heat-trapping effect. doi.org/hbdkpm
New insights into catalyst design may enable safer, on-demand ozone generation for water disinfection, offering a potential alternative to chlorine with reduced hazardous byproducts. doi.org/hbdkpk
Catalyst insight may unlock safer, on-demand ozone water disinfection
University of Pittsburgh researchers have made an important step toward providing hospitals and water treatment facilities with a safer, greener alternative to chlorine-based disinfection.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 7:41 PM
New insights into catalyst design may enable safer, on-demand ozone generation for water disinfection, offering a potential alternative to chlorine with reduced hazardous byproducts. doi.org/hbdkpk
A new statistical framework improves the accuracy of identifying causal DNA variants in livestock by accounting for genetic relatedness, enhancing fine-mapping in complex animal populations.
New statistical tools sharpen the search for causal DNA changes in livestock
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new suite of statistical methods that dramatically improves the ability to pinpoint DNA changes responsible for important traits in livestock.
phys.org
December 4, 2025 at 7:38 PM
A new statistical framework improves the accuracy of identifying causal DNA variants in livestock by accounting for genetic relatedness, enhancing fine-mapping in complex animal populations.
A single dose of HPV vaccine has been shown to provide similar protection against cervical cancer-causing infections as two doses, supporting simplified vaccination strategies worldwide. doi.org/hbdkph
A single shot of HPV vaccine may be enough to fight cervical cancer, study finds
A single HPV vaccination appears just as effective as two doses at preventing the viral infection that causes cervical cancer, researchers reported Wednesday.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 7:19 PM
A single dose of HPV vaccine has been shown to provide similar protection against cervical cancer-causing infections as two doses, supporting simplified vaccination strategies worldwide. doi.org/hbdkph
A new sequencing method enables simultaneous identification of chromatin-associated proteins and their genomic locations, streamlining analysis of epigenetic mechanisms linked to health and disease. doi.org/hbdkpg
One experiment, two insights: Sequencing method reveals both genome proteins and their positions
A team from the Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) has developed an innovative technique called PLAMseq (proximity-labeled affinity-purified mass spectrometry plus sequencing) that, for the first time, allows simultaneous analysis of chromatin-associated proteins and their location in the genome in a single experiment.
medicalxpress.com
December 4, 2025 at 7:16 PM
A new sequencing method enables simultaneous identification of chromatin-associated proteins and their genomic locations, streamlining analysis of epigenetic mechanisms linked to health and disease. doi.org/hbdkpg