And of course, none of this would have been possible without the input from a hugely collaborative, interstate clinical team and the support of many scientists and clinicians @thedohertyinst.bsky.social

We find that an array of inflammatory biomarkers (including cytokines, agalactosylated IgG, and atypical B cells) are elevated in solid tumor patients. These biomarkers negatively correlate with neutralizing antibody responses, but not with antibodies against conserved epitopes or with Fc functions.

In contrast, two COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses induced robust Fc effector functions, such as antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cytotoxicity, in solid tumor malignancy patients.

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses were significantly lower and less cross-reactive in two-dose mRNA vaccinated solid tumor patients as compared to age-matched controls.
A third mRNA vaccination was required to boost neutralizing responses to comparable levels in patients and controls.