Ahead of a mysterious announcement on October 30 iPad versions of Affinity's suite of apps — Affinity Photo, Affinity Publisher, and Affinity Designer — have been made entirely free. We think you need...

Cultural ideas are inextricably entwined with the people who do science, the questions they ask, the assumptions they hold and the conclusions they land on.

Do not miss this call for mentees from the Drosophila community. Scan the QR Code & fill the mentee survey ! The Fly Board is excited to announce the

La imagen tomada por el satélite NOAA-20 muestra los numerosos incendios forestales que iluminaban el cielo nocturno, visibles incluso por debajo de las nubes

Transcriptome-scale maps of RNA secondary structure ensembles in living cells detect candidate RNA structural switches.

Are you ready to lead groundbreaking research in Genome Biology? Join us at EMBL! We are seeking a motivated scientist to lead an independent research group addressing exciting and original biological...

A deep convolutional neural network model predicts the influence of the full-length mRNA sequence on translation efficiency.

Transcriptome-scale maps of RNA secondary structure ensembles in living cells detect candidate RNA structural switches.

RNA-binding motifs in eukaryotic proteins are presented in a comprehensive resource.

Non-canonical (i.e., unannotated) open reading frames (ncORFs) have until recently been omitted from reference genome annotations, despite evidence of their translation, limiting their incorporation into biomedical research. To address this, in 2022, we initiated the TransCODE consortium and built the first community-driven consensus catalog of human ncORFs, which was openly distributed to the research community via Ensembl-GENCODE. While this catalog represented a starting point for reference ncORF annotation, major technical and scientific issues remained. In particular, this initial catalogue had no standardized framework to judge the evidence of translation for individual ncORFs. Here, we present an expanded and refined catalog of the human reference annotation of ncORFs. By incorporating more datasets and by lifting constraints on ORF length and start-codon, we define a comprehensive set of 28,359 ncORFs that is nearly four times the size of the previous catalog. Furthermore, to aid users who wish to work with ncORFs with the strongest and most reproducible signals of translation, we utilized a data-driven framework (i.e. translation signature scores) to assess the accumulated evidence for any individual ncORF. Using this approach, we derive a subset of 7,888 ncORFs with translation evidence on par with canonical protein-coding genes, which we refer to as the Primary set. This set can serve as a reliable reference for downstream analyses and validation, with a particular emphasis on high quality. Overall, this update reflects continual community-driven efforts to make ncORFs accessible and actionable to the broader research public and further iterations of the catalog will continue to expand and refine this resource. ### Competing Interest Statement J.R.P. has received research honoraria from Novartis Biosciences and Quantum-Si, and is a paid consultant for ProFound Therapeutics. J.L.A. is an advisor to Microneedle Solutions. G.M. is co-founder and CSO of OHMX.bio. P.F. is a member of the scientific advisory board of Infinitopes. A.-R. C. is a member of the advisory board of ProFound Therapeutics. P.V.B. is a cofounder and shareholder of Eirnabio Ltd.

From student to researcher, a career in science can come with a high price tag. This Perspective explores how persistent financial barriers limit who can succeed in science, revealing how wealth shape...

Genomes from 25 museum specimens of Drosophila melanogaster (some more than 200 years old) reveal that small populations occupying northern Europe gave way to well-connected fly populations across the...

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