Frege maintains that the normative authority of the laws of logic is not hostage to anything extrinsic. A logical rule is warranted only by reducing it to a higher-order law within the system, or by establishing that it belongs among the system’s basic laws on which proofs themselves are erected.

Hegelian idealism ruled late-Victorian Britain; by 1898 Moore and Russell broke with it, and with Frege’s logic cleared the ground for Analytic Philosophy. Ironically, their revolt did not erase Hegel’s presence—it exposed how even his critics moved in his shadow.

Hegel probed the horizons of being until the radiance of vision itself was spent; his intellectual eye left nothing perceptible unabsorbed by his understanding.

If a person speaks about the meanings of reason before knowing the nature of reason, his speech on it is like that of one who raves.

-Averroes

The ceaseless deluge of events paralyzes the mind’s capacity to process them, manifesting not as mere successive surges but as densely interlocked strata, thereby imposing the crushing weight of concurrent cognition.

All human civilizations have been on the banks of rivers, except for Greece, which was on the banks of Heraclitus.

Philosophy is not an entity separate from human action, but rather the infrastructure of knowledge that constitutes the condition of possibility for any perceived existence.