Pedro Cisterna Gaete
@pedrocig.bsky.social
Climate Lawyer|PhD and LLM University of Edinburgh| Senior Researcher Climate Equity @sciencebasedtargets.org |Climate equity(Law&Policy) Transnational Climate&Environmental law-Property&Urban Law|Views are my own.
11/Bottom line:
OC-32/25 sets justiciable regional standards, guides future climate-due-diligence laws, and may influence the upcoming ICJ Advisory Opinion.
A qualitative leap forward for climate & human rights in Latin America.
OC-32/25 sets justiciable regional standards, guides future climate-due-diligence laws, and may influence the upcoming ICJ Advisory Opinion.
A qualitative leap forward for climate & human rights in Latin America.
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
11/Bottom line:
OC-32/25 sets justiciable regional standards, guides future climate-due-diligence laws, and may influence the upcoming ICJ Advisory Opinion.
A qualitative leap forward for climate & human rights in Latin America.
OC-32/25 sets justiciable regional standards, guides future climate-due-diligence laws, and may influence the upcoming ICJ Advisory Opinion.
A qualitative leap forward for climate & human rights in Latin America.
10/
This validates:
→ Rights-of-nature frameworks (e.g., legal personhood for rivers)
→ Public-interest litigation to protect ecosystems
→ Stricter scrutiny of projects affecting vital carbon sinks
This validates:
→ Rights-of-nature frameworks (e.g., legal personhood for rivers)
→ Public-interest litigation to protect ecosystems
→ Stricter scrutiny of projects affecting vital carbon sinks
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
10/
This validates:
→ Rights-of-nature frameworks (e.g., legal personhood for rivers)
→ Public-interest litigation to protect ecosystems
→ Stricter scrutiny of projects affecting vital carbon sinks
This validates:
→ Rights-of-nature frameworks (e.g., legal personhood for rivers)
→ Public-interest litigation to protect ecosystems
→ Stricter scrutiny of projects affecting vital carbon sinks
9/D. Nature as a legal subject
The Court embraces a post-anthropocentric view:
→ Nature, including the climate system, is a subject of rights (¶284–286)
→ Irreversible harm to the environment is prohibited under jus cogens (¶287–294)
The Court embraces a post-anthropocentric view:
→ Nature, including the climate system, is a subject of rights (¶284–286)
→ Irreversible harm to the environment is prohibited under jus cogens (¶287–294)
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
9/D. Nature as a legal subject
The Court embraces a post-anthropocentric view:
→ Nature, including the climate system, is a subject of rights (¶284–286)
→ Irreversible harm to the environment is prohibited under jus cogens (¶287–294)
The Court embraces a post-anthropocentric view:
→ Nature, including the climate system, is a subject of rights (¶284–286)
→ Irreversible harm to the environment is prohibited under jus cogens (¶287–294)
8/
This aligns climate justice with practical burden-sharing tools:
→ Finance
→ Technology
→ Loss & damage
→ Cooperation
A boost to LAC's position at future COPs.
This aligns climate justice with practical burden-sharing tools:
→ Finance
→ Technology
→ Loss & damage
→ Cooperation
A boost to LAC's position at future COPs.
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
8/
This aligns climate justice with practical burden-sharing tools:
→ Finance
→ Technology
→ Loss & damage
→ Cooperation
A boost to LAC's position at future COPs.
This aligns climate justice with practical burden-sharing tools:
→ Finance
→ Technology
→ Loss & damage
→ Cooperation
A boost to LAC's position at future COPs.
7/
→ Domestic targets (NDCs) must integrate intra- & intergenerational equity (¶324–327)
→ Within sectors, actors with greater responsibility or risk must bear greater burdens (¶350)
🎯 A just allocation of climate burdens becomes a legal imperative.
→ Domestic targets (NDCs) must integrate intra- & intergenerational equity (¶324–327)
→ Within sectors, actors with greater responsibility or risk must bear greater burdens (¶350)
🎯 A just allocation of climate burdens becomes a legal imperative.
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
7/
→ Domestic targets (NDCs) must integrate intra- & intergenerational equity (¶324–327)
→ Within sectors, actors with greater responsibility or risk must bear greater burdens (¶350)
🎯 A just allocation of climate burdens becomes a legal imperative.
→ Domestic targets (NDCs) must integrate intra- & intergenerational equity (¶324–327)
→ Within sectors, actors with greater responsibility or risk must bear greater burdens (¶350)
🎯 A just allocation of climate burdens becomes a legal imperative.
6/⚖️C. Equity and differentiated obligations
The reinforced duty is shaped by common but differentiated responsibilities (UNFCCC Art. 3.1).
→ Developing states are not exempt—but cooperation is key. (¶237)
The reinforced duty is shaped by common but differentiated responsibilities (UNFCCC Art. 3.1).
→ Developing states are not exempt—but cooperation is key. (¶237)
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
6/⚖️C. Equity and differentiated obligations
The reinforced duty is shaped by common but differentiated responsibilities (UNFCCC Art. 3.1).
→ Developing states are not exempt—but cooperation is key. (¶237)
The reinforced duty is shaped by common but differentiated responsibilities (UNFCCC Art. 3.1).
→ Developing states are not exempt—but cooperation is key. (¶237)
5/🌱B. A right to a healthy climate
The Court recognizes an autonomous human right to a “healthy climate”—understood as a climate system free from dangerous, human-induced interference. (¶299–303
The Court recognizes an autonomous human right to a “healthy climate”—understood as a climate system free from dangerous, human-induced interference. (¶299–303
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
5/🌱B. A right to a healthy climate
The Court recognizes an autonomous human right to a “healthy climate”—understood as a climate system free from dangerous, human-induced interference. (¶299–303
The Court recognizes an autonomous human right to a “healthy climate”—understood as a climate system free from dangerous, human-induced interference. (¶299–303
4/
Stricter oversight for high-risk sectors (fossil fuels, cement, agribusiness).
This gives teeth to the polluter pays principle and opens the door to CSDDD/CSRD-style laws—but with climate-specific obligations and a stronger role for state oversight.
Stricter oversight for high-risk sectors (fossil fuels, cement, agribusiness).
This gives teeth to the polluter pays principle and opens the door to CSDDD/CSRD-style laws—but with climate-specific obligations and a stronger role for state oversight.
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
4/
Stricter oversight for high-risk sectors (fossil fuels, cement, agribusiness).
This gives teeth to the polluter pays principle and opens the door to CSDDD/CSRD-style laws—but with climate-specific obligations and a stronger role for state oversight.
Stricter oversight for high-risk sectors (fossil fuels, cement, agribusiness).
This gives teeth to the polluter pays principle and opens the door to CSDDD/CSRD-style laws—but with climate-specific obligations and a stronger role for state oversight.
3/
This reinforced standard also applies to businesses:
→ Mandatory climate due diligence across value chains
→ Emissions disclosure
→ Transition plans
→ Penalties for greenwashing (¶346–351, 353–354)
This reinforced standard also applies to businesses:
→ Mandatory climate due diligence across value chains
→ Emissions disclosure
→ Transition plans
→ Penalties for greenwashing (¶346–351, 353–354)
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
3/
This reinforced standard also applies to businesses:
→ Mandatory climate due diligence across value chains
→ Emissions disclosure
→ Transition plans
→ Penalties for greenwashing (¶346–351, 353–354)
This reinforced standard also applies to businesses:
→ Mandatory climate due diligence across value chains
→ Emissions disclosure
→ Transition plans
→ Penalties for greenwashing (¶346–351, 353–354)
2/ A. Reinforced due diligence: the new baseline
The Court elevates the duty of prevention: States must act with reinforced due diligence on climate risks—guided by the best available science and the urgency of harm. (¶231–238)
The Court elevates the duty of prevention: States must act with reinforced due diligence on climate risks—guided by the best available science and the urgency of harm. (¶231–238)
July 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
2/ A. Reinforced due diligence: the new baseline
The Court elevates the duty of prevention: States must act with reinforced due diligence on climate risks—guided by the best available science and the urgency of harm. (¶231–238)
The Court elevates the duty of prevention: States must act with reinforced due diligence on climate risks—guided by the best available science and the urgency of harm. (¶231–238)
Legal relevance:
The paper provides a strong scientific basis to establish causal links in climate litigation, strengthening legal arguments for damages & reparations.
The paper provides a strong scientific basis to establish causal links in climate litigation, strengthening legal arguments for damages & reparations.
May 1, 2025 at 1:09 PM
Legal relevance:
The paper provides a strong scientific basis to establish causal links in climate litigation, strengthening legal arguments for damages & reparations.
The paper provides a strong scientific basis to establish causal links in climate litigation, strengthening legal arguments for damages & reparations.
US$28 trillion in losses:
Between 1991–2020, emissions from these companies are estimated to have caused over $28 trillion in global economic losses due to intensified heatwaves.
Between 1991–2020, emissions from these companies are estimated to have caused over $28 trillion in global economic losses due to intensified heatwaves.
May 1, 2025 at 1:09 PM
US$28 trillion in losses:
Between 1991–2020, emissions from these companies are estimated to have caused over $28 trillion in global economic losses due to intensified heatwaves.
Between 1991–2020, emissions from these companies are estimated to have caused over $28 trillion in global economic losses due to intensified heatwaves.
Direct attribution:
The study models the economic damage attributable to each company based on its historical emissions. It’s a rigorous, company-specific approach to climate harm.2/n
The study models the economic damage attributable to each company based on its historical emissions. It’s a rigorous, company-specific approach to climate harm.2/n
May 1, 2025 at 1:09 PM
Direct attribution:
The study models the economic damage attributable to each company based on its historical emissions. It’s a rigorous, company-specific approach to climate harm.2/n
The study models the economic damage attributable to each company based on its historical emissions. It’s a rigorous, company-specific approach to climate harm.2/n
Reposted by Pedro Cisterna Gaete
“The consequences of these decisions have already extended beyond U.S. borders,” writes @pedrocig.bsky.social. How the U.S. isn’t the only country paying the price for climate denialism 🌏:
Who Trump’s Climate Denialism is Really Hurting
The U.S. isn’t the only country paying the price for his policy changes.
conversationalist.org
April 22, 2025 at 3:31 PM
“The consequences of these decisions have already extended beyond U.S. borders,” writes @pedrocig.bsky.social. How the U.S. isn’t the only country paying the price for climate denialism 🌏:
In 2021, Pope Francis launched the Laudato Si' Action Platform—a 7-year initiative for Catholic institutions to implement concrete sustainability goals. This moved his vision from moral teaching to practical action, ensuring his environmental legacy will continue long after his passing. 10/10.
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
In 2021, Pope Francis launched the Laudato Si' Action Platform—a 7-year initiative for Catholic institutions to implement concrete sustainability goals. This moved his vision from moral teaching to practical action, ensuring his environmental legacy will continue long after his passing. 10/10.
In Laudato Si, he advocated for "common but differentiated responsibilities" in climate action, acknowledging unequal contributions to the crisis while emphasising shared responsibility for solutions. 9/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
In Laudato Si, he advocated for "common but differentiated responsibilities" in climate action, acknowledging unequal contributions to the crisis while emphasising shared responsibility for solutions. 9/n
His vision challenges property rights absolutism: "The Christian tradition has never recognised the right to private property as absolute or inviolable." The "common destination of goods" must take precedence over profit maximisation. 8/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
His vision challenges property rights absolutism: "The Christian tradition has never recognised the right to private property as absolute or inviolable." The "common destination of goods" must take precedence over profit maximisation. 8/n
Centres voices of the poor, emphasising "ecological debt" that wealthy nations owe to developing countries. Climate justice requires addressing historic emissions while enabling sustainable development for all. 7/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
Centres voices of the poor, emphasising "ecological debt" that wealthy nations owe to developing countries. Climate justice requires addressing historic emissions while enabling sustainable development for all. 7/n
Pope Francis called for "ecological conversion" - transforming relationships with creation, other humans & God. His vision required shifting from consumption & exploitation to care & reciprocity. 6/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
Pope Francis called for "ecological conversion" - transforming relationships with creation, other humans & God. His vision required shifting from consumption & exploitation to care & reciprocity. 6/n
Laudato Si criticised the "technocratic paradigm" & "throwaway culture" that reduce nature to resources for exploitation. Condemns market-based approaches that fail to account for ecological limits or externalities. 5/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
Laudato Si criticised the "technocratic paradigm" & "throwaway culture" that reduce nature to resources for exploitation. Condemns market-based approaches that fail to account for ecological limits or externalities. 5/n
Pope Francis directly acknowledges anthropogenic climate change as "one of the principal challenges facing humanity". He calls for the progressive replacement without delay of fossil fuels, placing religious moral authority behind scientific consensus. 4/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
Pope Francis directly acknowledges anthropogenic climate change as "one of the principal challenges facing humanity". He calls for the progressive replacement without delay of fossil fuels, placing religious moral authority behind scientific consensus. 4/n
Key concept: "Everything is interconnected" - Pope Francis rejected the separation between environmental and social concerns. His insight that climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution & social inequity are manifestations of the same crisis remains his enduring legacy. 3/n
April 21, 2025 at 8:37 PM
Key concept: "Everything is interconnected" - Pope Francis rejected the separation between environmental and social concerns. His insight that climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution & social inequity are manifestations of the same crisis remains his enduring legacy. 3/n