🌀 Tertiary structure: 215 diverse 3D structures from the PDB. NuFold leads monomers (0.393 TM-score), AlphaFold3 dominates complexes (0.381 TM-score). Non-Watson-Crick interactions remain a major challenge for all methods
6/9

🔗 Secondary structure: 901k chemical mapping profiles using DMS & 2A3 reactivity. EternaFold achieves top performance (0.656 F1-score), closely followed by CONTRAfold & Vienna. Traditional thermodynamic methods are still competitive with newer deep learning approaches
5/9

🔬 Fitness prediction: 70 assays across tRNA, ribozymes, aptamers & mRNAs (1M+ mutations total). Evo 2 performs best overall (0.276), but performance varies dramatically by RNA type: RNA-FM excels at tRNA/aptamers while Evo 2 leads mRNA tasks. Lots of room for improvement across the board!
4/9

🚨 New paper 🚨 RNA modeling just got its own Gym! 🏋️ Introducing RNAGym, large-scale benchmarks for RNA fitness and structure prediction.
🧵 1/9