Jon Stone
@jonstoneneuro.bsky.social
Professor of Neurology, University of Edinburgh. FND Research. Creator of http://neurosymptoms.org. President Elect of http://fndsociety.org
@HarvardMedicine have done a great job with this article on FND, focused on the contribution of colleagues working there, including Barbara Dworetzky, David Perez and alumnus Mark Hallett.
magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/fun...
magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/fun...
November 21, 2025 at 4:18 PM
@HarvardMedicine have done a great job with this article on FND, focused on the contribution of colleagues working there, including Barbara Dworetzky, David Perez and alumnus Mark Hallett.
magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/fun...
magazine.hms.harvard.edu/articles/fun...
Our conclusions. @fndhope.bsky.social, FND action and @fndsociety.bsky.social
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
Our conclusions. @fndhope.bsky.social, FND action and @fndsociety.bsky.social
FND treatment is multidisciplinary, but there are barriers to care. Here are some thoughts on those. 5/
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
FND treatment is multidisciplinary, but there are barriers to care. Here are some thoughts on those. 5/
Physio for functional movement disorder has important differences to physio for other conditions in neurological practice
Thanks to Glenn Nielsen for this material . Workbooks and Therapist manuals from the Physio4FMD trial are free to download via www.physio4fmd.org/publications
4/
Thanks to Glenn Nielsen for this material . Workbooks and Therapist manuals from the Physio4FMD trial are free to download via www.physio4fmd.org/publications
4/
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
Physio for functional movement disorder has important differences to physio for other conditions in neurological practice
Thanks to Glenn Nielsen for this material . Workbooks and Therapist manuals from the Physio4FMD trial are free to download via www.physio4fmd.org/publications
4/
Thanks to Glenn Nielsen for this material . Workbooks and Therapist manuals from the Physio4FMD trial are free to download via www.physio4fmd.org/publications
4/
Dont just diagnose - formulate.
An example of a formulation based on Oliver Sacks autobiographical book 'A Leg to Stand on'. 3/
jnnp-bmj-com.eux.idm.oclc.org/content/83/9...
An example of a formulation based on Oliver Sacks autobiographical book 'A Leg to Stand on'. 3/
jnnp-bmj-com.eux.idm.oclc.org/content/83/9...
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
Dont just diagnose - formulate.
An example of a formulation based on Oliver Sacks autobiographical book 'A Leg to Stand on'. 3/
jnnp-bmj-com.eux.idm.oclc.org/content/83/9...
An example of a formulation based on Oliver Sacks autobiographical book 'A Leg to Stand on'. 3/
jnnp-bmj-com.eux.idm.oclc.org/content/83/9...
Some ideas for communication and explanation of functional movement disorder 2/
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
Some ideas for communication and explanation of functional movement disorder 2/
Pleased that "Continuum" the AAN journal asked for this article on the management of functional movement disorder - coauthored with @alancarson15.bsky.social
Article paywalled but podcast is free.
Some snippets in thread🧵
Article: continuum.aan.com/doi/full/10....
Podcast: x.com/ContinuumAAN....
Article paywalled but podcast is free.
Some snippets in thread🧵
Article: continuum.aan.com/doi/full/10....
Podcast: x.com/ContinuumAAN....
October 1, 2025 at 2:03 PM
Pleased that "Continuum" the AAN journal asked for this article on the management of functional movement disorder - coauthored with @alancarson15.bsky.social
Article paywalled but podcast is free.
Some snippets in thread🧵
Article: continuum.aan.com/doi/full/10....
Podcast: x.com/ContinuumAAN....
Article paywalled but podcast is free.
Some snippets in thread🧵
Article: continuum.aan.com/doi/full/10....
Podcast: x.com/ContinuumAAN....
New NHS England Neurology Service specification.
✅FND is one of seven core subspecialties
✅FND services MUST be provided in each specialised neurology centre.
This is huge recognition of how common FND is in neurology - and unthinkable 20 yrs ago. 1/
t.co/XvGo0NIryA
✅FND is one of seven core subspecialties
✅FND services MUST be provided in each specialised neurology centre.
This is huge recognition of how common FND is in neurology - and unthinkable 20 yrs ago. 1/
t.co/XvGo0NIryA
September 21, 2025 at 1:04 PM
New NHS England Neurology Service specification.
✅FND is one of seven core subspecialties
✅FND services MUST be provided in each specialised neurology centre.
This is huge recognition of how common FND is in neurology - and unthinkable 20 yrs ago. 1/
t.co/XvGo0NIryA
✅FND is one of seven core subspecialties
✅FND services MUST be provided in each specialised neurology centre.
This is huge recognition of how common FND is in neurology - and unthinkable 20 yrs ago. 1/
t.co/XvGo0NIryA
We hope this article stimulates research in this area. Id like to thank Jan Coebergh for starting this paper, @timnicholson.bsky.social, Matt Butler, Lujain Khoja and David Dodick
Join @fndsociety.bsky.social to see the lecture I gave on this at Verona - END/
Join @fndsociety.bsky.social to see the lecture I gave on this at Verona - END/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
We hope this article stimulates research in this area. Id like to thank Jan Coebergh for starting this paper, @timnicholson.bsky.social, Matt Butler, Lujain Khoja and David Dodick
Join @fndsociety.bsky.social to see the lecture I gave on this at Verona - END/
Join @fndsociety.bsky.social to see the lecture I gave on this at Verona - END/
We especially acknowledge prior work looking at vestibular migraine and PPPD (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38137140/_ ) which we didn’t cover, as well as a paper looking at functional seizures and migraine (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717461/ )10/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
We especially acknowledge prior work looking at vestibular migraine and PPPD (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38137140/_ ) which we didn’t cover, as well as a paper looking at functional seizures and migraine (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717461/ )10/
Migraine, especially migraine aura can definitely trigger FND, especially motor symptoms.
Aura that lasts longer than 24hrs, and certainly more than 72hrs may well be FND related 7/
Aura that lasts longer than 24hrs, and certainly more than 72hrs may well be FND related 7/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
Migraine, especially migraine aura can definitely trigger FND, especially motor symptoms.
Aura that lasts longer than 24hrs, and certainly more than 72hrs may well be FND related 7/
Aura that lasts longer than 24hrs, and certainly more than 72hrs may well be FND related 7/
Lastly, we looked at how ideas about mechanism in FND and migraine are beginning to converge, especially around ideas of predictive processing and maladaptive learning.
Again, caution required, predictive processing is flexible enough to be grafted on to many brain conditions 5/
Again, caution required, predictive processing is flexible enough to be grafted on to many brain conditions 5/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
Lastly, we looked at how ideas about mechanism in FND and migraine are beginning to converge, especially around ideas of predictive processing and maladaptive learning.
Again, caution required, predictive processing is flexible enough to be grafted on to many brain conditions 5/
Again, caution required, predictive processing is flexible enough to be grafted on to many brain conditions 5/
We also looked at whether migraine and FND had shared epidemiology.
The answer is Yes - BUT – hard to draw conclusions as things like gender difference, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity are common in people with ANY neurological condition. 4/
The answer is Yes - BUT – hard to draw conclusions as things like gender difference, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity are common in people with ANY neurological condition. 4/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
We also looked at whether migraine and FND had shared epidemiology.
The answer is Yes - BUT – hard to draw conclusions as things like gender difference, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity are common in people with ANY neurological condition. 4/
The answer is Yes - BUT – hard to draw conclusions as things like gender difference, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity are common in people with ANY neurological condition. 4/
In this collaboration between FND researchers and Migraine expert David Dodick we asked...
How common is migraine in FND (and FND in migraine)❓
Does migraine trigger FND, and can FND trigger migraine ❓3/
How common is migraine in FND (and FND in migraine)❓
Does migraine trigger FND, and can FND trigger migraine ❓3/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
In this collaboration between FND researchers and Migraine expert David Dodick we asked...
How common is migraine in FND (and FND in migraine)❓
Does migraine trigger FND, and can FND trigger migraine ❓3/
How common is migraine in FND (and FND in migraine)❓
Does migraine trigger FND, and can FND trigger migraine ❓3/
Both conditions are diagnosed clinically, and can’t be seen on conventional testing.
With advances in our understanding of both disorders, where are we now with our knowledge of their shared overlap and do they have shared mechanisms? 2/
With advances in our understanding of both disorders, where are we now with our knowledge of their shared overlap and do they have shared mechanisms? 2/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
Both conditions are diagnosed clinically, and can’t be seen on conventional testing.
With advances in our understanding of both disorders, where are we now with our knowledge of their shared overlap and do they have shared mechanisms? 2/
With advances in our understanding of both disorders, where are we now with our knowledge of their shared overlap and do they have shared mechanisms? 2/
Our new open access paper looking at Migraine and FND, two of the commonest conditions in neurological practice.
Migraine and functional neurological disorder (FND)—a review of comorbidity and potential overlap. academic.oup.com/braincomms/a... 🧵1/
Migraine and functional neurological disorder (FND)—a review of comorbidity and potential overlap. academic.oup.com/braincomms/a... 🧵1/
August 20, 2025 at 5:02 PM
Our new open access paper looking at Migraine and FND, two of the commonest conditions in neurological practice.
Migraine and functional neurological disorder (FND)—a review of comorbidity and potential overlap. academic.oup.com/braincomms/a... 🧵1/
Migraine and functional neurological disorder (FND)—a review of comorbidity and potential overlap. academic.oup.com/braincomms/a... 🧵1/
NEW FND FILM !- 'Recognising Functional Seizures'🎥
neurosymptoms.org/en/media/fnd...
This 7-minute film was designed to help doctors and other health professionals, especially in emergency medical settings, learn about functional seizures and how to tell them apart from epileptic seizures. 1/
neurosymptoms.org/en/media/fnd...
This 7-minute film was designed to help doctors and other health professionals, especially in emergency medical settings, learn about functional seizures and how to tell them apart from epileptic seizures. 1/
May 20, 2025 at 8:15 PM
NEW FND FILM !- 'Recognising Functional Seizures'🎥
neurosymptoms.org/en/media/fnd...
This 7-minute film was designed to help doctors and other health professionals, especially in emergency medical settings, learn about functional seizures and how to tell them apart from epileptic seizures. 1/
neurosymptoms.org/en/media/fnd...
This 7-minute film was designed to help doctors and other health professionals, especially in emergency medical settings, learn about functional seizures and how to tell them apart from epileptic seizures. 1/
And some final thoughts about predictive processing, psychoanalytic or, in fact, any uniperspective model for FND. 50 free downloads on this link - www.tandfonline.com/eprint/BHVEX...
May 5, 2025 at 7:43 PM
And some final thoughts about predictive processing, psychoanalytic or, in fact, any uniperspective model for FND. 50 free downloads on this link - www.tandfonline.com/eprint/BHVEX...
I don’t agree with Mark Solms that Freud was as original as people think in many of his views. 4/
May 5, 2025 at 7:43 PM
I don’t agree with Mark Solms that Freud was as original as people think in many of his views. 4/
This is one of a group of articles on this topic, including by Selma Aybek and Mark Edwards. www.tandfonline.com/journals/rnp... 2/
May 5, 2025 at 7:43 PM
This is one of a group of articles on this topic, including by Selma Aybek and Mark Edwards. www.tandfonline.com/journals/rnp... 2/
I was asked by the Neuropsychoanalysis society to write an article about FND in response to one by Mark Solms discussing how predictive processing could map on to psychoanalytic ideas. doi.org/10.1080/1529... 1/
May 5, 2025 at 7:43 PM
I was asked by the Neuropsychoanalysis society to write an article about FND in response to one by Mark Solms discussing how predictive processing could map on to psychoanalytic ideas. doi.org/10.1080/1529... 1/
New review article on health anxiety for neurologists with Huw Green in Practical Neurology
❌Health anxiety is NOT FND.
✅Can occur in any neurological condition,
✅Reassurance usually makes it worse
✅Specific treatment.
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
Free link - tinyurl.com/5n7shutv
❌Health anxiety is NOT FND.
✅Can occur in any neurological condition,
✅Reassurance usually makes it worse
✅Specific treatment.
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
Free link - tinyurl.com/5n7shutv
February 21, 2025 at 5:35 PM
New review article on health anxiety for neurologists with Huw Green in Practical Neurology
❌Health anxiety is NOT FND.
✅Can occur in any neurological condition,
✅Reassurance usually makes it worse
✅Specific treatment.
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
Free link - tinyurl.com/5n7shutv
❌Health anxiety is NOT FND.
✅Can occur in any neurological condition,
✅Reassurance usually makes it worse
✅Specific treatment.
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
Free link - tinyurl.com/5n7shutv
Our best rule in signs do have reasonable validity and reliability but need to be handled with care to use properly.
Here are seven points to think about from the article. 5/
Here are seven points to think about from the article. 5/
February 12, 2025 at 5:43 PM
Our best rule in signs do have reasonable validity and reliability but need to be handled with care to use properly.
Here are seven points to think about from the article. 5/
Here are seven points to think about from the article. 5/
These articles are a good opportunity to reflect on FND as a diagnosis of inclusion, a crucial development in the last 25 years from where we were before that – FND as a dustbin diagnosis for when tests were normal. (screenshot from @PracticalNeurol Vol 1:1 2001) 4/
February 12, 2025 at 5:43 PM
These articles are a good opportunity to reflect on FND as a diagnosis of inclusion, a crucial development in the last 25 years from where we were before that – FND as a dustbin diagnosis for when tests were normal. (screenshot from @PracticalNeurol Vol 1:1 2001) 4/
And @popkirov noticed that staring at your hand for 30 seconds could reproduce sensory symptoms in people with FND in a way that could be therapeutically useful, if too common to be diagnostically useful 3/
bsky.app/profile/popk...
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
bsky.app/profile/popk...
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
February 12, 2025 at 5:43 PM
And @popkirov noticed that staring at your hand for 30 seconds could reproduce sensory symptoms in people with FND in a way that could be therapeutically useful, if too common to be diagnostically useful 3/
bsky.app/profile/popk...
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...
bsky.app/profile/popk...
pn.bmj.com/content/earl...