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I don't think EMG control fits the definition as measuring muscle activation is not "a system that measures brain activity". A standalone sensory prosthetic (like V1 stim for vision) would not fit this definition, which I think is probably controversial, but the BCI Society chose a narrow definition

I meant controllable by the user. The specific wording is: "a system that measures brain activity and converts it in (nearly) real-time into functionally useful outputs to replace, restore, enhance, supplement, and/or improve the natural outputs of the brain..."

The BCI society definition says 'no'. A cochlear implant is definitely an important neural interface, but a BCI must have a controllable output to earn the 'C' in the middle by this definition: bcisociety.org/bci-definiti...

This was a big team project, including research and clinical teams at the Universities of Pittsburgh and Chicago. The @corticalbionics.bsky.social BCI study enabled this work, particularly @hunterschone.bsky.social @jenpitt.bsky.social and many others not on bluesky.

Using these maps, we placed 2 stimulating electrode arrays in each participants. During subsequent stimulation, 9 out of 10 arrays evoked sensations in fingers that had been mapped to their location before surgery.

We used fMRI and MEG to map finger representation of somatosensory cortex in paralyzed participants. The order of the map was consistent across participants, but the exact location on the gyrus was variable.