And allow for full complete ownership of the media, not licences.

Another article published in Jacobin in 2019, "Why South Africa Needs a Democratic Socialism" by Benjamin Fogel and Sean Jacobs.

Despite the article being 5 years old, it is clear from the qualitative and quantitative data that South Africa's apartheid-era industrial structure remains the most stubborn barrier to development that limits the ability of new entrants into markets.

"In addition, the policies create a natural blurring of the lines between the business and political elite; and this then hobbles the development of small to medium-sized firms, which are the lifeblood of most economies."

Given my research into industrial geography, this quote stood out.

"A further unintended by-product of the policies is that it cements in place an apartheid-era industrial structure where a few large companies dominate the business landscape."

5. Employment-orientated public services; and

6. Modest regulation of product and labour markets.

All things reasonable people can agree on is good for society in general.

2. Capitalism in the private sector (to protect property rights and foster free markets) overseen by a democratised society;

3. Quality basic primary and secondary schooling;

4. Expansive public insurance programmes;

Key to transformation in a democratic socialist vision for South Africa, the authors propose the following tenents:

1. Democracy expanded beyond politics into the workplace, the family and home, neighbourhood associations and cooperatives;

...the favouring of corporatism over SMMEs and the decline of the middle class accompanied by widening inequality.

In a piece by Sean Gossel and Thomas Koelble titled "Why South Africa should adopt democratic socialism", they are that it has become clear that the failure of the country’s neoliberal policies have led to the blurring of political and economic boundaries...

www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-202...

But a good paper to stimulate those discussions.

No doubt we could find blind spots to such an analysis such as specific political economies that make one country, region, town or city, and a specific industry more susceptible to industrial policy. And so the results may not hold across an entire geography.