The 19th-century German explorer Heinrich Barth referred to the eastern Iwellemedan as "awelimmiden wuen bodhal," meaning "the Iwellemedan of buḍal"

It seems that this was the name by which the Tuareg knew them at that time .

The Amenokal of the Iwellemedan after Aljilani "Budal" was Aljilani's father-in-law. Aljilani had married Budal's daughter, a rare case of marriage between Inesleman and Imajighan . But Aljilani had no children .

It's unlikely that these words actually came from Aljilani himself. But in any case, the Aljilani episode seems to have been a unique case . And after his death the Iwellemedan regained control over ibarkorayan and Azawagh.

This one is said to be a Roman-type ship and would have been engraved by someone familiar with the Mediterranean coast.

I guess !

In any case there are other boat engravings in southern Libya.

Like this one in this photo taken by Jean-Loic Quellec in Messak region

And of course addaɛa is borrowed from arabic .

But Tamajeq language tends to avoid borrowing from Arabic even in a religious context .

#Tamajeq:
- igmay = he looked for / searched
- ittar = he prayed

#Tetserret:
- ittor = he looked for / searched
- idɛa = he prayed

But how to explain the tadaksahak 'hamnaz' ? Metathesis ?

@lameensouag.bsky.social @maartenkossmann.bsky.social

The Tetserret 'Mižənšad' looks like Tamajeq 'Mižənnas', which is not surprising because all speakers of Tetserret are bilingual in that Tamajeq dialect.

The words amažgar/azagur seems to be isolated in amazigh languages and loanword from Arabic or other sahelians languages is very possible.

If so what could motivate this borrowing instead of the Arabic عبد ?

@lameensouag.bsky.social @maartenkossmann.bsky.social @phdnix.bsky.social @bnuyaminim.bsky.social Any idea ?

Alaššaw is related to pan-Amazigh root LS (to dress) .

Eddel of Tetserret is probably related to zenaga adday (turban) and Tachelhit addal (a cover) from a pan-amazigh root DL (to cover)