artdogistanbul.com/egenin-afro-...
artdogistanbul.com/egenin-afro-...
(two sample contracts illustrating how slave labor was organized under the mukātaba system in Islamic law):
(two sample contracts illustrating how slave labor was organized under the mukātaba system in Islamic law):
dependency.blog/rethinking-u...
dependency.blog/rethinking-u...
www.hsozkult.de/conferencere...
www.hsozkult.de/conferencere...
they vary depending on the respective context, i.e. whether they are at sea and do not need to row since there is enough wind, or whether they were docked for a few days;
they vary depending on the respective context, i.e. whether they are at sea and do not need to row since there is enough wind, or whether they were docked for a few days;
the main finding of the study is that most of the founders, who were members of the Ottoman-Egyptian elite, were childless.
the main finding of the study is that most of the founders, who were members of the Ottoman-Egyptian elite, were childless.