Agreed! Which is why choosing appropriate control cohorts and comparison groups is such an important step to do before declaring that any finding a specific to your “syndrome/symptom” of interest.

8️⃣ Shout-out to our first author Juliana Wall, whose outstanding work brings clarity and rigor to complex neuroimaging data! 👏

9️⃣ We’re grateful to our colleagues, the many patients we partner with, and the Child Neurology Society community—advancing research together to develop new therapies!

7️⃣ So what’s next?
We're looking for clues in how stimulant medications used in ADHD alter brain networks in individual patients to generate new focused neuromodulatory therapies!

6️⃣ Yet, amidst uncertainty, the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) robustly stood out as a region implicated beyond chance and converging with parallel evidence of anatomical changes. This may hint at a critical neural target.

5️⃣ BUT—crucially—our analyses also found this network pattern was similar to that seen across psychiatric disorders, and that these patterns are similar to what you’d see with randomly chosen brain coordinates!
Meaning: Caution is needed before concluding specificity in coordinate mapping studies.

4️⃣ Indeed, we found scattered locations consistently mapped onto brain networks associated with reward processing and cognitive control (Cingulo-Opercular network).

3️⃣ Using Coordinate Network Mapping, we asked a new question: could these scattered brain locations converge on common brain networks—even if exact coordinates differ?

2️⃣ Why this study?
Do brain imaging studies on anatomical changes in ADHD consistently identify the same brain regions? Surprisingly, our meta-analysis of 38 studies found minimal spatial agreement across studies.

Amazing work by Julian Kutsche and the many other collaborators. @drdrxanderli.bsky.social
@andreashorn.org @harvardmed.bsky.social

Reduced function or injury to the frontal pole may increase creativity by disengaging the self-monitoring & cognitive control actions of the frontal pole to allow novelty seeking & creativity to be unleashed. @braincircuits.bsky.social @foxmdphd.bsky.social @julianneumann.bsky.social

Great article on how methods ALWAYS frame the question more than you think…